Atherosclerosis History

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of coronary heart disease, the number one killer of Americans (). The inflammatory process is known to lead to a myriad of other cardiovascular complications including, coronary heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarctions. It is important

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as heart disease, is defined as the “narrowing or blockage of the arteries and vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the heart” (Milto, Odle, p.1). The main cause of CAD is an accumulation of fatty materials on the lining of arteries. Once the fatty materials line the inner arteries, it restricts blood flow to the heart. When blood is can no longer long flow to the heart, it causes a heart attack. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in both women and men in the United States. The American Heart Association states that since 1990 deaths caused by the coronary artery disease have decreased, however, “more than 40,000 people still died from this disease in 2000” and about 13

Heart disease is an incurable ailment and is very expensive to be managed. Therefore, early diagnosis is very important as it helps to lessen the complications. It is estimated that roughly 485 billion dollars could be used yearly in the cure of cardiovascular related disease such as a CHF and heart attack. (Heart, 2013).

Macrophage which is now foam-like accumulates on the blood vessel to form visible fatty streak which then undergoes apoptosis. The plaque continues to grow and hardens narrowing the arteries. This ruptures and causes a blood clot which limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body causing a heart attack, stroke or even death. Factors that are known to predispose to atherosclerosis are physical inactivity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking and hypertension which increase the chances by two-fold by damaging the vascular endothelium. Experimental studies have just shown that excess blood levels of iron can lead to atherosclerosis (Guyton and Hall, 2011).

Atherosclerosis is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the arteries. I chose this disease because a few years ago my dad was having the beginning symptoms of a heart attack. We didn’t know what was wrong with him, but we thought he had acid reflux. Fortunately, we got him to go to the emergency room before anything bad happened. My dad had atherosclerosis in several of his arteries for his heart. Our insurance only covers the arteries that have so much blockage, so this is not solved forever. Thus, I chose this disease to inform and learn more about it.

The cardiovascular system is the network of blood vessels with the major role in transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the tissues and the waste products from organs and tissues. The diseases of the cardiovascular system, either acquired or congenital, may result in ischemia or undersupply of major organs, which would be a threat to the overall health of an individual. Events caused by cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in the treatment and the preventive strategies of cardiovascular diseases, the social and economic burdens due to these diseases continue to grow. Further efforts, therefore,

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity and is accounted for almost 1 out of 5 deaths in the world. Atherosclerosis is a chronic heart disease that causes most of the vascular deaths. The fat deposition in arterial walls progressively develop into atheroma leading to restriction in blood circulation thus increasing risk of local thrombosis. Local thrombosis often forms the base that leads to partial or total obstruction of the artery. At the time of birth, the probability of a cardiovascular disease is 47%. The impact of Atherosclerosis on morbidity and mortality and its economic implications created a necessity for new treatments and prevention strategies. It

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which include CHD, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), is the leading cause of mortality in populations, particularly in the diabetic one. DM and PAD are both CAD equivalents ("coronary equivalents"). PAD is more common among those aged 50 years and older, with approximately 1 in 20 Americans in this age group affected [1].

Although it was believed for a long time that second-hand smoke only affects smokers, since the early 1980s it has been known that non-smoking family members of smokers have twice the risk of experiencing heart attacks than those in non-smoking households. Consequently, people living and working in environments that contain second-hand smoke suffer coronary heart diseases (CHD) due to the toxic substances of tobacco smoke.

arteries. This hardened plaque can eventually restrict the blood flow to various parts of the body

However for proper patients managements, clinical diagnoses is foremost step but it has its limitations. So there is need for additional tools to aid clinical evaluation and to their ability to identify the patient at possibility for cardiovascular diseases, as proposed by a recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) panel (Naghavi et al., 2003). Blood tests have been used for the indication of either disease or a future risk of the development of a disease over approximately 50 years. Blood tests help in detecting substances that are not present in normal physiological condition or check that elevated levels of substances from normal that indicate risk of disease. Electrocardiograms are used in the assessment of patients with chest discomfort,

In the case of an individual needing to abide by a heart healthy nutrition plan, they would be suffering from some form of heart disease. Two of the most common types of heart disease are Ischemic heart disease and Inflammatory heart disease. In the case of Ischemic heart disease, this is a heart ailment caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries thus resulting in a decreased blood supply to the heart. Inflammatory heart disease on the other hand is a rather broad term and can be used to categorize several heart conditions including Atherosclerosis. An individual who suffers from Atherosclerosis can expect the the walls of their arteries to become thick and stiff because of the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques. When this occurs, the flow of blood is restricted. Atherosclerosis can happen throughout the body, for example, in the arteries of the heart it is known as Coronary artery disease and in the legs it is referred to as Peripheral arterial disease. It is essential that those suffering from heart disease follow a specific diet however, if they refuse to be cautious, they are highly susceptible to developing several life threatening complications. One example includes heart failure, which occurs when the heart cannot adequately pump blood throughout the body. This can cause shortness of breath, dizziness, confusion, and the buildup of fluid in the body, causing

What are some types of heart and blood vessel diseases? HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES, or atherosclerosis, is when the inner walls of arteries become narrower due to a buildup of plaque (usually caused by a diet high in fat, cigarette smoking, diabetes or hypertension). This limits the flow of blood to the heart and brain. Sometimes, this plaque can break open. When this happens, a blood clot forms and blocks the artery. This can cause heart attacks and strokes. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE, also called hypertension, means the pressure in your arteries is consistently above the normal range. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against blood vessel walls. It’s written as two numbers, such as 122/78 mm Hg. The top number (systolic) is the pressure

In 1924, six cardiologists joined forces to launch a heart disease research collaborative. That has since evolved into a 22 and a half million member volunteer organization. Already emboldened by participation from thousands of cardiology specialists, the group reorganized as a volunteer association in 1948.

There are sixty million Americans who have cardiovascular disease, but they don’t need to worry because they have cardiologists to help them. A cardiologist is a doctor with special training and skill in finding, treating and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The cardiology career started around the 1600’s, and since then it has been improving. Cardiology is divided into several specific fields such as pediatric cardiology, adult cardiology, interventional procedures, and electrophysiology. Cardiology gained fame when heart disease was very common due to the foundation of junk food