Atherosclerosis and High Fad Diets Essay

Obesity in the United States is a major issue. Because there is such a high obesity rate, there have been so many diets established to try and reduce these constantly rising rates. A lot of these weight-loss diets that have been established are known as fad diets. A fad diet is a diet that becomes popular quickly, and may die out just as quickly. In the United States, there are some popular and healthy fad diets such as the Atkins diet, the South Beach diet, and Weight Watchers.

I decided to talk about calcification of coronary arteries as disease to evaluate it with one of the modalities we studied on this course during this semester. I chose to discuss calcification of coronary arteries for two reasons:

In the article, “Fad diets: Slim on good nutrition,” the author, June Daniels, discusses the fad diet scheme plaguing the United States. Over the recent decade, the rate of obesity amongst Americans has increased dramatically. The growing number of obese and overweight individuals has caused fad diets to become a quick and easy cure to a deeper issue. Fad diets are specifically targeted towards obese and/or overweight individuals, promising instant results with minimum effort. More importantly, numerous fad diet weight loss claims have not been backed by extensive research (Daniels 22) . According to Daniels, popular diets, such as Atkins, have been highly emphasized upon because of their high protein, low carb meals (22). The high protein

Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of a myocardial infarction (MI). As a result of CAD, plaque builds up in the arteries, thus narrowing the coronary arteries and preventing adequate blood flow to the heart. This condition is called atherosclerosis. In 2012, Huether, S., & McCance, K. defines Atherosclerosis when it begins to occur when there has been an injury to the coronary vessel wall. When injury occurs on the vessels endothelial layer it triggers a clotting mechanism. That mechanism sends chemotaxsis signals through the body for monocytes/macrophages to come clean the open vessel wall that is leaking LDL into the blood. The macrophages attempt to digest the fatty substance but have a hard time doing so. When the cells cannot digest the LDL, cell proliferation happens and they become static. Static macrophages turn into foam cells that then begin to cover the open vessel wall. Stasis of these foam cells occurs and forms a fatty streak, beginning to slowly occlude the artery. Then with time, build up of collagen occurs on top of the

Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease which can affect any artery in the body. Atherosclerosis is essentially the narrowing of arteries due to excessive build up of cholesterol-rich lipids known as plaque (Insull 2009). Once the arteries become narrow, the flow of blood will be constricted, resulting in the reduction of the nutrients and oxygen that are able to reach the heart. As a consequence, the heart becomes increasingly hypoxic resulting in ineffective contractions. The aftermath of narrow arteries often poses serious consequences as it has a high probability of causing heart attack, angina, or even stroke (Marieb & Hoehn 2010; Insull 2009). Despite the fact that arteries will harden naturally as people age, the rate of plaque development is determined by the number of risk factors (Insull 2009). This essay will discuss and review the procedure in which the risk factors: hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, and smoking took to assist in the development of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a disease in which fatty materials and plaque buildup on the inner lining of arteries. Arteries are blood vessels which carry rich blood to the heart and throughout the body. They’re lined by the endothelium, a thin layer of cells. The endothelium keeps blood flowing by keeping the inside of arteries smooth. However, when Atherosclerosis starts due to high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol, it damages the endothelium. Atherosclerosis tends to happen throughout the body and arises when people grow older. This disease is mainly due to the deposition of fatty materials i.e., cholesterol, calcium and other substances found in the blood. The buildup of fat then hardens causing narrowing of the arteries. This

Atherosclerosis a chronic, inflammatory disease of the medium and large arteries, peripheral arteries, carotid and the aorta is a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. Aherosclerotic plaque formation is a local process in the vessel wall with symptoms in the specific area, though the possibility of plaque formation at the same time and in different areas of the vasculature, regards the disease as systemic one1-3. Furthermore it is recognized that atherosclerotic carotid arteries pose a substantial risk of ipsilateral cerebrovascular events, with reported annual ischemic stroke rates ranging from .35% to 1.3% in asymptomatic patients with moderate stenosis4,5 and from .5% to

One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are

An atherothrombotic event result in infiltration of the vessel wall caused by high levels of fibrongen, increased blood viscosity, increased platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. A pivotal role is played by inflammation in all phases of atherosclerosis. There are several characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques including the expression of cellular adhesion molecules (CAM), blunted vascular reactivity, and a prothrombotic state. Recent studies suggest that in atherosclerotic plaques PPAR- gamma (Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma) is highly expressed and dugs that mimic PPAR gamma may have inhibitory effects on inflammatory process resulting in improvement of endothelial dysfunction and can modify major transcription factor

Atherosclerotic disease is caused by lipid deposits that calcified and turns into plaque which buildup and stick in the arteries. The plaque can break and lead to serious problems such as heart attack, stroke, and possibly even death. Factors such as high cholesterol in the blood, smoking, diabetes and high blood pressure all increases the risk for atherosclerotic complications. According to the American Heart Association (2017), the biggest contributor to heart disease is the lack of commitment to a heart healthy lifestyle. Therefore, lifestyle modifications such as healthy diet and exercise can play an important role in helping prevent cardiovascular disease.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of blood vessels by lipids and leukocytes. There is a growing body of evidence that among risk factors that promote atherosclerosis, the metabolic syndrome is a powerful and prevalent predictor of cardiovascular events. The systemic inflammatory process associated with the metabolic syndrome has numerous deleterious effects that promote plaque activation, which is responsible for clinical events. Interactions between the innate immune system with lipid?derived products seem to play a major role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in relation with the metabolic syndrome. The multiple links among adipose tissue, the vascular wall, and the immune system are the

Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with various pathological impairments, such as the disruption of cardiovascular homeostasis, poor blood circulation, myocardial injury, the accumulation and adhesion of platelets and monocytes, the increase in vasoconstriction, increased expression of inflammatory factors, and impairment in vascular regeneration which increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is a disease dealing with the heart. This disease causes hardening and narrowing (or even blockage) of the arteries, which makes the arteries thicken. Accumulations of fat, calcium and plaque build up are all components of having this disease known as atherosclerosis. The accumulations of calcium, fat, and plaque build up quietly and slowly block the arteries, putting blood flow at an extremely high risk. Atherosclerosis is typically the source of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease— what with each other are called cardiovascular disease (“Atherosclerosis: Causes, Symptoms, Tests, and Treatment - WebMD,” n.d.).

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease, currently the leading cause of death and illness in the United States, Europe and most developed countries, is fast growing to become the preeminent health problem worldwide (Murray & Lopez, 1997). Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease of the large and intermediate-sized arteries characterized by accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements which cause development of fatty lesions called atheromatous plaques on the inside surfaces of the arterial walls; and is the single most important contributor to this growing burden of cardiovascular disease. Studies on the pathophysiology of this disease has evolved over the past three decades, and a fusion of these views has led to the concept of the

A fad diet is a weight loss plan or aid that over-promises dramatic results. These diets typically don 't result in long-term weight loss and they are usually not very healthy. In fact, some diets can actually be dangerous to your health”(Family Doctor.org). Fad diets promise excessive and miraculous weight loss goals, however these diets are proven by scientific evidence that they do not promote long lasting results. Instead they are harmful and can promote rapid onset obesity. The problem being presented here is that America’s growing obesity problem directly correlates to the fad diets. Americans would rather choose the quickest and easiest solution to their weight issue. Many people who choose these fad diets range from people including: teenages, women of all ages, and people who binge eat or are on the verge on obesity. The most important way to identify the cause of this issue and the people who are likely to fall into these fads, is to evaluate the history behind them,the types of fad diets and the what influences people to turn to them.