Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Coronary artery disease remains number one killer of the western civilization despite 40 years of aggressive drug and surgical interventions (Esselstyn). Usually, pharmaceutical drugs, such as statin, are given to try to slow the progression, but may provide uncomfortable side effects. In fact, the majority of patients discontinue statins within 1 year of treatment initiation (Maningat). Furthermore, surgery is performed to circumvent clogged arteries and literally bypass the symptoms. In the last year, 500,000 coronary bypass procedures were performed (Swaminathan et al). However, these surgeries can have significant risks, including the potential to cause further heart damage, stroke, and brain dysfunction. Thus, it is evident that these way of treatments may not be enough on its own, and that getting to the

According to the WHO, cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death globally claiming 17 million lives a year, more deaths than all cancer combined (Chiu and Radisic, 2013). Cardiovascular disease is responsible for a preponderance of health problems and its impact is expected to grow further as the population ages. In the UK, NHS spends about £7.74 billion as the expenditure to deal with cardiovascular diseases (Barton et al., 2011). Cardiovascular disease in the form of myocardial infarction has become the principle cause of death in developed countries, accounting for nearly 40% of all deaths (http://www.bhf.org.uk/). Congenital heart defects, which occur in nearly 14 of every 1000 new-born children, is another tragic fact that baffles medical industry (http://www.heart.org/). About 61 million Americans (almost one-fourth of the population) live with cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary heart disease, congenital cardiovascular defects, and congestive heart failure.

Cardiovascular disease has reportedly been the number one disease killer for men and women in the United States of America. Every one out of four deaths is caused by heart disease in the United States alone (Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention). Heart disease refers to the different types of conditions and symptoms that can affect the one’s heart and its functions to the body (Mayo Clinic). Cardiovascular/Heart disease has many causes and conditions, prevention methods and symptoms, and treatment options.

One of the patient’s secondary diagnoses is atherosclerotic heart disease of native coronary artery without angina pectoris. He had a heart valve replacement in 2011. Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances builds up inside the arteries. This is an issue because the plaque hardens over time and narrows the arteries, which then limits the flow of oxygenated blood to vital tissues. This condition can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and death. Coronary artery atherosclerosis is the single largest killer of both men and women in the United States (Boudi, 2016). The patient’s atherosclerosis is located in the coronary artery. This artery is one of two main blood vessels that branch off

There is no cure for peripheral arterial disease however with lifestyle changes and medication symptoms can be reduced. Lifestyle changes such as; Exercising more regular is important because it conditions the muscles to use the oxygen it is receiving more efficiently. Eating a healthier diet will help control blood pressure and cholesterol levels which contribute to atherosclerosis. Smoking is a big factor in developing and worsening peripheral arterial disease, by quitting smoking the risk of complications will be reduced. Avoiding certain cold medication is also important as these may restrict blood vessels and aggregate the symptoms. Taking care of feet are very important this can be done by washing, drying and moisturising daily, wearing

What is Atherosclerosis Disease?Well Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside your arteries.Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your heart and other parts of your body.The Atherosclerosis Disease is caused by high blood pressure,smoking,or high cholesterol.Did you know that about 360,000 people will die from the Atherosclerosis disease each year. Nikolai N. Anichkov was the one who discovered the Atherosclerosis disease.Atherosclerosis was discovered in 1964 by Anichkov.

Atherosclerosis can be a serious condition; it is when the arteries become clogged by fatty substances such as plaques or atheroma. This causes arteries to become narrow and harden which can restrict blood flow preventing organs from functioning properly (Williams 2000).

One source of great mortality and morbidity in Europe and North America is the cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis. It is recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease of the intermediate and large arteries characterized by the thickening of the arterial wall and is the primary cause of coronary and cerebrovascular heart disease (Wilson, 2005). It accounts for 4.35 million deaths in Europe and 35% death in the UK each year. Mortality rate are generally higher in men than pre-menopausal woman. Past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s (George and Johnston, 2010). Clinical trials have confirmed that lipid accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, inflammation matrix alteration and foam cell formation are

Obstruction is the action of obstructing or the state of being obstructed. An obstruction disease is a disease that impedes or prevents passage or progress of blood through the veins or arteries inthe body. Coronary artery disease, also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is damage or disease to heart's major blood vessels, the arteries. Coronary artery disease is usually caused by a buildup of plaque. This buildup of plaque causes the arteries to become narrow and harder, which limits blood flow to the heart. People that get coronary artery disease can be asymptomatic and not experience any symptoms. But people may experience chest pain, indigestion or nausea, light headness, or sweating, fast heart rate or shortness of breath. CAD has

Leo is a middle-aged male, who has been diagnosed as having a disorder called atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a vascular disease that occludes (blocks) arteries and weakens arterial walls (2014, Patton & Thibodeau p.394). Leo is experiencing pain while walking, because the hardened of the arteries is blocking the flow of blood to his legs. In addition, the thickening of and calcification reduce the flow of blood to the tissues”(2014, Patton & Thibodeau p.397). Individuals that suffering with this life threaten, blood vessel disorder are living in pain. The potential damage is cause can lead to a myocardial infarction. If Leo substance damage to this extreme he may benefit from a surgical replacement to restore his blood flow (2014, Patton & Thibodeau). In essence, there is no cure for atherosclerosis. Often people opt for surgery because treatment only slow down or halt the disease. The pain Leo feels when he walks is triggered by stiffening or hardening of the artery walls. When plaque clogs up the artery, it disrupts the flow of blood in the entire body. Leo’s physician may recommend vasodilators drugs to trigger the smooth muscles of the arterial walls to relax and dilate his arteries (2014, Patton &

Atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of atheromas, is the foundation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Though much is already known about the benefits of statins, their disease-modifying properties, in regards to inducing the regression of atheroma is still to be elucidated. Previous research has explored atheroma regression in specific diseases, but there is a need for a holistic literature review to come to a definitive conclusion as to whether atheroma reversal can occur.

The nicotine cause heart diseases; it can destruct the structure and function of your heart and blood vessels. This destruction can lead to Atherosclerosis disease, is a condition in which plaque builds up inside the patient arteries. Atherosclerosis is the dominant predictor of cardiovascular disease as heart failure, arrhythmia and heart valve problems. By time, the plaque limits blood flow and oxygen to the heart, brain and other vital organs, which then cause damage and weakened blood vessels and also can lead to a myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure or arrhythmias, other diseases to the brain as carotid artery disease and can cause kidney diseases. In some cases, if the plague builds

arteries. This hardened plaque can eventually restrict the blood flow to various parts of the body

This is lead to heart attack, stroke and some kind of organ failure. One of most importance event cellular migration that contributes to plaque development in atherosclerosis. During cell migration Filamin A cross-links F-actin filamints in leading edgs of the migrating cells and also has been shown to regulate signal transduction. Macrophages are present in atherosclerotic plaque and have the migratory properties that complicate atherogenesis.

Disease of the arteries called atherosclerosis is medical condition characterized with accumulation of fatty material on the internal walls of the blood vessels that has impact on the blood flow. Medical experts warn that this medical condition is quite severe as it may lead to cardiac arrest, brain hemorrhages or even death.