Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation

“When I was out those 20 minutes, I saw a man who had long ruffled hair and kind of a thick beard, and it didn’t take me long to realise that that was Jesus,” Zack told CBS DFW.Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is not the same as a heart attack. A heart attack occurs if blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked. During a heart attack, the heart usually doesn’t suddenly stop beating.

Many of the vaso-protective function of endothelium is provide by the Nitric Oxide(NO)20.Endothelium damaged by turbulent or non-laminar blood causes decreased production of NO.Such kind of blood flow also stimulates endothelial cells to produce adhesion molecules, which recruit and bind inflammatory cells. Hypercholesterolemia seems to inactivate the normal function of NO. The net effect is endothelial binding of monocytes and T cells, migration of these cells to the subendothelial space, and initiation of a local vascular inflammatory response. Lipids in the blood, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), also bind to endothelial cells. 18Firstly LDL is transported across the healthy intima and become trapped in intima of a vessel wall.It undergoes oxidative modification and then oxidized LDL(OxLDL) is formed5.OxLDL is mighty inducer of inflammatory molecules.It adds up to the inflamotory signaling by endothelium that activates chemotactic substances, growth factors that attracts monocytes to vessel wall21Eventually OxLDL transforms monocytes into macrophages which makes the Forms cells, which are the hallmark of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL impair the signal transduction between endothelial cell surface receptors and NO production, inhibit NO synthase activity and inactivates NO realese from endothelial cells.22.Once the endothelium is impaired, oxidized LDL is stored in vascular endothelium and by the process of series of mechanism, foam cells are formed and then eventually fatty plaque that occludes the vessel along with the decreased amount of NO which decreases the ability of the vessel to dilate. As the plaque grows arterial wall narrowing and thickening occurs5. This plaque and narrowing of vessel results in decreased blood flow

Sometimes atherosclerosis occurs in the carotid arteries, especially at the bifurcation or the point where the common carotid divides into the internal and external carotids. Atherosclerosis means that a potentially dangerous plaque has formed on the artery wall. Plaque is a sticky material made of fat and calcium which hardens the arteries and can block the flow of blood. This narrowing is sometimes called a carotid artery stenosis, meaning that the carotid artery has narrowed significantly.

Heart muscle died as a results of myocardial infarction (MI) which the main coronary arteries was blocked, and large part of the heart muscle was affected due to cellular death from lack of blood flow and oxygen. Cell death is one of the most crucial events in the evolution of MI. A heart attack or MI is usually caused by a blood clot (thrombosis) that forms inside a coronary artery, or one of its branches, which suddenly blocks and stops the blood flowing to a part of the heart muscle. When the blood flow is interrupted necrosis occurs ( McCance & Huether, 2014).

Cardiac arrest is a grave medical emergency where the heart stops pumping blood throughout the body and can lead to death in minutes. There are currently 30,000 out of hospital cardiac arrest in UK (Perkins, 2016). In coronary artery disease there is a obstruction in the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. The initial step in coronary artery disease (CAD) is the formation of atherosclerosis. The build up of plaque is called atherosclerosis. CAD is a progressive disease that most commonly presents as angina. The beginning of CAD is thought

Many illness or diseases are known as silent killers because there are no signs or only vague signs of symptoms. These silent killers are deadly; in fact, they gradually consume a person in the early stages. One of those silent killers is High Blood Pressure also known as hypertension.

Atherosclerosis a chronic, inflammatory disease of the medium and large arteries, peripheral arteries, carotid and the aorta is a major contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of death worldwide. Aherosclerotic plaque formation is a local process in the vessel wall with symptoms in the specific area, though the possibility of plaque formation at the same time and in different areas of the vasculature, regards the disease as systemic one1-3. Furthermore it is recognized that atherosclerotic carotid arteries pose a substantial risk of ipsilateral cerebrovascular events, with reported annual ischemic stroke rates ranging from .35% to 1.3% in asymptomatic patients with moderate stenosis4,5 and from .5% to

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is more commonly referred as the heart attack. This typically occurs due to an interruption, albeit partial to some part of the heart, which causes the cells in the heart to die and as a result sends

     Sudden death occurs due to cardiac arrest. Cardiac arrest may be the first symptom of coronary artery disease and may occur without any symptoms or warning signs. Other causes of sudden death include drowning, suffocation, electrocution, drug overdose, trauma (such as automobile accidents), and stroke. Drowning, suffocation, and drug overdose usually cause respiratory arrest which in turn cause cardiac arrest. Trauma may cause sudden death by severe injury to the heart and brain, or by severe blood loss. Stroke causes damage to the brain which can cause respiratory arrest and/or cardiac arrest.

Sudden cardiac arrest is a condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. When this occurs the blood flow stops to the brain and vital organs. Sudden cardiac arrest is not the same as a heart attack or myocardial infarction. A heart attack is when the blood flow to part of the heart is blocked.

What is cardiac arrest? “According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), sudden cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating, resulting in no blood flow to the brain and other vital organs.” .This occurs instantly leading to unexpected death. People tend to confuse a heart attack and cardiac arrest with one another (pause)... a heart attack can lead to cardiac arrest, but they are completely different. What is a heart attack? A heart attack is caused from a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles. (pause)

Atherosclerosis (ath"er-o-skleh-RO'sis) comes from the Greek words athero (meaning gruel or paste) and sclerosis (hardness). It's the name of the process in which deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and other substances build up in the inner lining of an artery. This buildup is called plaque. It usually affects large and medium-sized arteries. Some

Heart attacks , we have all seen them played out on our favorite drama shows but these shows do not address the real severity of an actual heart attack despite the great acting skills portrayed . A heart attack can also be known as a myocardial infarction (MI), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndrome, coronary thrombosis, or coronary occlusion, either way it is not good news. Over 1.2 million people in American have heart attacks with many of them resulting in death (Heart attack, 2011). A heart attack is a serious life threatening condition that needs to be treated quickly.

lives. A simple definition of a heart attack is a sudden failure of the heart

your heart beats it pumps blood throughout your body to give it the energy and