Atlantic Transformations

The Vanguard of the Atlantic World by James Sanders seems to do little more than reiterate the concept that American republican modernity was debated by various countries located in Latin America in regards to their status as a united global political power. Not to say that these nations were united in terms of alliances, or treaties, but rather that some intellectuals adopted the concept of a “sisterhood” of republic democracies. The analysis of the political systems in Latin America after their independence from European nations is not where the disappointment lies, but rather the lack of context given to various components in his research that were supposed to show the transition of Latin America during its state of transformation from colonial territories to independent republican nations.

We all know that atmosphere is continually evolving. We have had ice ages and hotter periods when gators were found in Spitzbergen. Ice ages have happened in a hundred thousand year cycles for the last 700 thousand years. There also have been time periods that seemed to have been hotter than the present in spite of CO2 levels being lower than they are currently. Overall what I am saying is that we have had the medieval warm period and the little ice age. Because of these evolutions there has been different effects on the earth.

In the late 1700’s, the main conflict throughout the Atlantic was freedom to all. This period showed many views from different people in ways in which they tried to express the word. People in the America’s and eastern nations such as France were trying to rebuild their nations with an idea that all men are created equal, that they are given the right not from authority, but by birth. From the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen” in France which was their laws to give men freedom, to a wealthy man in Venezuela named Simon Bolivar who helped free his country from Spanish rule only to struggle with making his country a federation after the destruction, you see that freedom is hard to concur. Independence cannot only be observed

There were many changes and continuities within the Atlantic world. The first and biggest change was the change in the caste system in Mexico. The next big change was the slaves in which they exchanged in the Americas. The final change was the change mercantilism to capitalism in Europe.

The study of the Atlantic as an interwoven community is a relatively new theory. Historians are beginning to see Atlantic History as “a sudden and harsh encounter between two old worlds that transformed both and integrated them into a single New World” , and not just separate entities with detached pasts. Atlantic History: Concept and Contours by Bernard Bailyn lays the framework for what Atlantic History is and how it should be studied. Bailyn states that the reasoning behind writing the book is that previous historians focus too much on the imperial history of the Atlantic world, when in fact the colonized areas had just as much of an effect on European powers as Europe had on their colonies. In this concise two part book, Bailyn’s main argument is that the concept of Atlantic History was inevitable because it is impossible to look at any major event of this time period without seeing its effects ripple throughout the entire Atlantic world.

Firstly, the passage counts distortion in Gulf Steam as a main reason for Little Ice Age advent. However, lecture states all the alternations have merely effected north part of America and Europe and not all the parts of this terrestrial globe namely South Africa and New Zealand; were all have been unaffected

What if you were never born because America never broke away from England, or because the French never revolted, or because women never questioned their rights? Had any of the Atlantic Revolutions never happened, the lives that we live today would have been very different. If the Atlantic Revolutions never happened, the likelihood of us having empires, instead of nations, would be much higher. These were all results of the Atlantic Revolutions. The Atlantic Revolutions all stemmed from the American revolution. Because of the American Revolution, the French revolted against the crown, and people started to think more about equality. And because of both those revolutions, women began to question

Atlantic Revolution consisted of the North American Revolution, the French revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the Spanish American Revolution. The French Revolution was one of the eras of great disruption through Europe. French Revolution was closely connected with North American Revolution. Thousands of French soldiers provided assistance to the American colonies. When the French soldiers returned home, they were full of republican enthusiasm. After helping the American Colonies, France was on the edge of bankruptcy and had long pursued reforms that would renovate the tax system and make it more justifiable. This new system reduced the incomes of the ordinary men and women, but they raised the price of bread. In result of this there was a rapid increase of unemployment. Peasants were exposed to a variety of hated fees forced by their landlords, taxes, duties to the Church, and were required to work without pay on the public roads. These conflicts, in the first five years, gave the French Revolution a much more violent, far reaching, and radical

* 20. Only a very wealthy man could afford the capital to invest in the land, machinery, and slaves needed to establish a sugar plantation. West Indian planters were very wealthy and translated their wealth into political power, controlling the colonial assemblies and even gaining a number of seats in the British Parliament.

within a year. Fear of more violence led the British to establish a western limit

Thank you for sharing your thoughts! Your post caught my attention and I started trying to think of reasons or the thought process behind the defining of the boundary areas we are discussing this week. I can totally see what you mean about being surprised the Atlantic Periphery not include Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island when you look at the map of the region. Perhaps, the reasoning for why they are not included relates to the significance that Boston has played in the growth and development of US history. The location of Connecticut and Rhode Island in regards to the rest of the Megalopolis region could be why they are included as well. Their economies could be more dependent on tourism or by acting as bedroom communities

Throughout history climates have drastically changed. There have been shifts from warm climates to the Ice Ages (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009, p.204). Evidence suggests there have been at least a dozen abrupt climate changes throughout the history of the earth. There are a few suspected reasons for these past climate changes. One reason may be that asteroids hitting the earth and volcanic eruptions caused some of them. A further assumption is that 22-year solar magnetic cycles and 11-year sunspot cycles played a part in the changes. A further possibility is that a regular shifting in the angle of the moon orbiting earth causing changing tides and atmospheric circulation affects the global climate (Cunningham & Cunningham, 2009,

The earth is constantly changing and moving. That is why I believe in 1 million years that South America and Africa will be far, far apart. I know this because of plate movement. In the Geochronology map it shows that when plates spread a part which is a divergent boundary, then as magma heats and cools, new sea floor is created and the old sea is pushed out with the continents. This shows that the plates will keep spreading and causing the new ocean floor to be their and the more the plates spread the more the continents spread then eventually they hit each other forming like another Pangea. Also in the Georgrapy map their is a mid-ocean

According to a study in October 2015, “Earth had warmed by about 1.7 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880 when records begin at a global scale. Which includes the surface of the ocean. The warming is greater over land and greater still in the Arctic and parts of Antarctica” (Gillis, 2015). Although an increase of warmth of 1.7 degrees doesn’t seem like it’s a big deal,

El Nino is a warm current in the Pacific Ocean that flows southward along South America’s west coast. It usually last nine to twelfth months and returns an average 4 years. Normally deep, cold Pacific waters well up to the surface of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian coast, bringing up nutrients and chilling surface waters and causing climatic changes worldwide. A powerful El Nino in 1982 and 1983 caused severe drought in Australia and Indonesia and an unusually large number of storms in California. During the 1997-98 El Nino, heavy rains caused flooding in Peru, Ecuador, and Argentina; monsoons and cyclones struck Madagascar: and severe storms pelted Texas and the Southeast. More recent El Nino events in 2003 and 2006 were not as devastating.