Atom Economy

The Atomic Cafe is a 1982 documentary film compiled of clips from government propaganda, training films, news stories, advertisements and other media from the 1940’s through the 1950’s.  Many films were prepared by the U.S. government either for the military or for its citizens to view.  The form of Atomic Cafe was unique for documentaries.  It was produced entirely of different film sources edited together, without narration. The film made its points solely through the selection and order of the clips included in the documentary.  The purpose of the film was to show the American people of the 1980’s exactly how the government distributed propaganda and deceived the American citizens of the 1950’s.

The purpose of this experiment is to distinguish the relationships between reactants and products, in addition to expanding on concepts such as single displacement reactions, mole ratio values, moles to mass, theoretical yields, limiting reactants, excess, stoichiometric relationships and percentage errors.

The solvolysis of t-butyl bromide is an SN1 reaction, or a first order nucleophilic substitution reaction. An SN1 reaction involves a nucleophilic attack on an electrophilic substrate. The reaction is SN1 because there is steric obstruction on the electrophile, bromine is a good leaving group due to its large size and low electronegativity, a stable tertiary carbocation is formed, and a weak nucleophile is formed. Since a strong acid, HBr, is formed as a byproduct of this reaction, SN1 dominates over E1. The first step in an SN1 reaction is the formation of a highly reactive carbocation, in which a leaving group is ejected. The ionization to form a carbocation is the rate limiting step of an SN1 reaction, as it is highly endothermic and has a large activation energy. The subsequent nucleophilic attack by solvent and deprotonation is fast and does not contribute to the rate law for the reaction. The Hammond Postulate predicts that the transition state for any process is most similar to the higher energy species, and is more affected by changes to the free energy of the higher energy species. Thus, the reaction rate for the solvolysis of t-butyl bromide is unimolecular and entirely dependent on the initial concentration of t-butyl bromide.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.

This experiment was performed to become familiar with chemical formulas and the processes for the chemical reactions. By breaking down the chemicals, we were able to obtain certain reactants that were already part of the product. In three trials, the zinc chloride’s mass ranged from 1.16 g to 1.62 g. Mass of the chlorine found in the zinc chloride ranged from 0.66 g to 0.96 g. In the three trials of the copper sulfide lab, the copper sulfide’s mass ranged from 2.38 g to 3.18 g. The mass of the sulfur in this lab ranged from 0.64 g to 1.51g.

Three carbon-carbon forming reactions—barbier, wittig, and aldol— were performed in order to analyze which reaction had a more green-chemistry approach. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are important in organic synthesis because they allow construction of the desired product. The similarities of these carbon-carbon forming reactions were that they all used a type of aromatic benzaldehyde, which was a reactive, easy to work with organic compound. In contrast, the wittig reaction was solventless, while the barbier and aldol reactions were not. Scheme 1 represents the carbon-carbon forming barbier

On July 16, 1945 a new age was beginning. The "atomic age", also known as the "atomic era" is the period in history that follows the detonation of the first atomic bomb. It is December 7, 1941 and a new chapter in the history of the United States is about to start. The sky is crowed by Japanese fighter planes, bomb and bullets rain all over the American naval base at Pearl Harbor resulting in considerable human and material losses. The American territory has already fell under the attack that would lead America to join World War II. Led for almost four years of confrontation as well as death and the need to eradicate the Japanese army and therefore, end the devastating world war, the United states build the most powerful weapon the world had

The purpose of the experiment is to determine the chemoselectivity of different reducing agent or reductant by reducing 3-nitroacetophenone with tin and hydrochloric acid. For this research, 3.45g of tin granular was put into a 100mL of round bottomed conical flask attached to a reflux condenser; then add 1.6585g of 3-nitroacetophenone and 24mL of water. Heat the mixture over oil bath for 90 minutes. At the end of the process, 0.4115 grams of final product were obtained giving a percent yield of 30%. Analyzing tests including melting point determination, IR Spectroscopy and TLC were done on the final product to analyze the properties of the product. The melting point was found out to be 98.2ᴼC. TLC using solvent system 60% ethyl acetate and

Boulding (1966) proposes that the Earth is transitioning from an open to a closed economy where unlimited exploitation of natural sources and sinks will eventually become limited. Boulding (1966) introduces the concept of the cowboy economy, which is open, resource exploitation and pollution disposal are limitless and emphasis is on consumption and production. The spaceship economy is closed, Earth has limited reservoirs for exploitation and pollution disposal, and emphasis is on stock maintenance.

Due to other environmental practices that are more relatable to families or people in a general sense, such as household recycling, carpooling, and even purchasing solar panels for a rooftop, the detrimental harm CO2 emissions have caused to the Earth’s atmosphere is often overlooked. As a release of carbon dioxide into the Earth’s atmosphere known as CO2 emissions continue to dominate the world’s top environmental concerns, a recent increasing effort has provided multiple ideas including those of chemists, professors, and world corporations. The efforts provided by these group of people of improving certain energy producing methods such as Nuclear energy plants offers hope to ultimately reduce the globe’s high emission of CO2, thus

This paper is about chemical reactions and chemical reaction types. All the data gathered was from conducting multiple experiments. Each experiment was performed carefully and analyzed to obtain the necessary information for the paper. That information included the four signs of a chemical change, the rnx type, and more.

An Atom is the the basic building block of all matter. Atoms are made up of Particles, called: Protons, neutrons and Electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, the neutron carry 's a neutral charge and the electron carry’s a negative charge. The Atom has two main parts the Nucleus and the Electron Shell. The Nucleus contains the Protons and Neutrons. The electron Shell Contains the The electrons.

Nuclear power is energy that is produced as a result of a nuclear reaction, either one of two types, fission or fusion. The type that is used is fission because fusion is almost impossible to achieve due the conditions needed to have the reaction occur. One place where it is known that fusion can take place is the sun. When one thinks of nuclear power, they think radiation, however not all nuclear reactions emit radiation. The reason why all nuclear power is radioactive is due to the fact that radioactive elements, especially uranium, is used because of it is the easiest to produce a nuclear fission reaction because it is a large element and it is harder to split smaller elements such as oxygen or fluorine. Nuclear fission was discovered by a team of German researchers at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin on the eve of World War II.

Nuclear technology: a mysterious frontier in scientific advancement that has enraptured spectators worldwide. As the influence of nuclear technology expanded, nations implemented policies to address its usage. The Atoms for Peace program contributed significantly to the conception of these policies. This program’s inception represented a turning point in international cooperation. From Atoms for Peace arose the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the spread of nuclear energy, the technology’s risky dual use, and the rise of conflicts over Iran’s highly controversial nuclear program. The effects of the Atoms for Peace program play roles even in international affairs of the present.

Japan, because it is an island nation, possesses few natural resources and even fewer sources of fuel and energy (Nuclear Power in Japan, April 2015). As a result, Japan depends on nuclear power to sustain electricity for the 127.3 million people living there (Japan Population, 2015). Nuclear power plants like the Fukushima Daiichi plant in the towns of Futaba and Ohkuma, Japan produced substantial electricity for surrounding areas (Nuclear / TEPCO Power Plants, n.d.) and was one of the largest and most productive nuclear power plants in the world. Yet, in March 2011, a tsunami deactivated and triggered the meltdown of this massive plant, causing devastation for everything in the vicinity. Inhabitants of Japan began to express concerns