Atp Lab Report

The energy for all physical activity comes from the conversion of high-energy phosphates (adenosine triphosphate—ATP) to

Our body produces energy called ATP. ATP is the renewable energy source for our cells that consists of 3 phosphates, a sugar and an adenine ring. ATP can be produced in two ways, through aerobic respiration or anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs when there is oxygen, and anaerobic occurs when oxygen is not available. Also there are normally 3 phases in respiration, glycolysis, krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis the glucose splits into two

As stated before the three energy systems used by the body are the ATP-PC, anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic system. The ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis system (also known as lactic acid system) are anaerobicly based meaning that they don’t need a sufficient amount of oxygen to produce ATP. The aerobic system requires oxygen to produce ATP hence its name. All three system have fuels’ which produce energy. The ATP-PC uses phoso creatine and creatine phosphate, the lactic acid system uses glycogen and the aerobic system uses glycogen and triglycerides . Glycolysis refers to the breaking down of glycogen to from glucose which is used in ATP.

Metabolism comprises of a vital set of biochemical reactions that all living organisms require to sustain life. For a marathon runner, their physiological response to strenuous exercise depletes both their fats and carbohydrate storage in order to supply energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy form that the human body uses for biological processes such as movement and synthesis of biomacromolecules. In regards to running a marathon, the athlete is capable of using a combination of both anaerobic and aerobic pathways, but these different systems predominate at different intervals in order to increase the energy allowed for the muscles.

Brooks GA, Fahey TD, Baldwin KM (2005). Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Application. 4th Edition

Almost everyone who has pursued a sport with any seriousness has experienced muscle fatigue and the most commonly-cited culprit is lactic acid. However, viewing lactic acid as the metabolic 'bad guy' of athletics is fundamentally in error. In fact, "lactic acid is actually a fuel, not a caustic waste product. Muscles make it deliberately, producing it from glucose, and they burn it to obtain energy. The reason trained athletes can perform so hard and so long is because their intense training causes their muscles to adapt so they more readily and efficiently absorb lactic acid. The understanding now is that muscle cells convert glucose or glycogen to lactic acid. The lactic acid is taken up and used as a fuel by mitochondria, the energy factories in muscle cells" (Kolata 2006). What was long assumed to be harmful to athletic performance is in fact vitally necessary for sustained effort by the athlete. The reason that trained athletes may have less lactic acid and lower rates of fatigue than untrained athletes is that their bodies have learned to absorb the acid and use it as fuel more productively, not that their bodies produce less lactic acid.

ATP is used in all three systems, phosphagen, anaerobic, and aerobic as the primary energy source. How ATP is processed, used and renewed will depend on the speed, intensity and duration in contractions of our muscles.

For muscles to work adenosine triphosphate (ATP) must be created. But because ATP is not stored in large amounts, as soon as you start to work your muscles need to produce more ATP. The fuels you need are nutrients and you also produce metabolic waste.

After completing our lab, I learned how to figure out my power in watts by dividing my body weight in kilograms by the vertical distance in which we multiple it by the height in steps and then divide it by time. This will give you how much power you generate going up the stairs. In the Wingate Test, I learned how to figure out our test subjects peak power, anaerobic fatigue, and anaerobic capacity. After looking at the results we have concluded that our test subject had a well-trained ATP-PC system. She was above the 95 percentile.

The ATP/PC system, which lasts up to 10 seconds, is the body’s initial source of fuel and is reliant on its stores of ATP and CP and provides the required burst of energy without the presence of oxygen for high intensity purposes. This burst of energy is due to separating of the chemical bonds between the Phosphate and Creatine which releases additional energy that helps produce more ATP so that we have it upon requirement for only a short period of time. This system is the most dominant system because this system is

Anaerobic power is the body’s ability to utilize stored ATP in the muscle cells. The ATP-PC energy system generally lasts 10-15 seconds, therefore majority of the participants power during the wingate test would be applied during the first half of the test. A person who is mostly anaerobic (generally their muscles are mostly fast-twitch fibers) will have more power at the beginning of the test but a faster decline in power once ATP is consumed. Examples of this type of person would be a powerlifter or a sprinter. A person who is considered more aerobic (more slow-twitch fibers) will have less power at the beginning, however will be able to better sustain their power output, having less of a decline in power throughout the test. Examples would

Analysis of results The graph follows a negative trend, where low intensity interval training has a gradual decrease compared to high intensity interval training with a steep negative gradient indicating a rapid decrease in blood glucose levels for both genders. Group A, test subjects exposed to high intensity interval training, fall in the category of hypoglycaemia with glucose levels of 3.9 mmol/L and below after exercise. The test subjects mentioned feeling dizzy, fatigued and weak in their legs, which is not uncommon after sprint repeats/ high intensity exercise. Their glucose uptake in the muscles is higher and the body requires more oxygen than it can supply during high intensity interval training. This means anaerobic respiration

When exercise is undertaken more oxygen is used for the necessary organs, therefore resulting in CO2, once a gas exchange has occurred. When put under stress the body responded by increasing the heart rate, by enlarging the arterioles and venules to allow more oxygenated blood to flow to the necessary muscles and decreasing the size of ones that weren’t as important. In order to keep up with the demand for oxygenated blood, the breathing rate increased drastically. The method was relatively effective for recording the necessary data. However, some modifications had to be made such as: the amount of laps on the stairs. This changed to two laps, as once was believed to not provide enough varying data. The method could have been improved by ensuring that, once completed, the person performing was at or very close to their resting heart and breathing rate before commencing the next exercise as this would be one factor in providing inaccurate results. Another improvement is that, rather than running a certain amount of time (stairs), the person would run for a length of time and then test their heart and breathing rate as some people may not finish, and therefore put their body through enough stress, to provide difference within their

Lactic acid build up when my body is gettig rid of byproducts that is making no contribute to my exercise performance and end up causing fatigue. Lactic acid usually builds up quicker if I you have done a work out earlier or have had any games. An example of this was when I had a game at tournament against kings. Into the game I started to get lactic acid build up a lot quicker than usual as I have been playing recant games earlier in the day so already had a lot of byproducts in my system. This made my game worst and affected how I played and couldn’t go aat such a high intensity. This then made me have a disadvantage when I played more games as I didn’t want to get fatigue as quick so didn’t performe to as high of

But a small quantity of ATP is socked away in your muscles for when you need to expend a short burst of energy in a hurry. Let’s say you’re doing a single barbell squat with close to max weight. As you power the weight up, the muscles of your hips, thighs and lower back immediately burn through their ATP stores. Once the ATP has done its job, it’s either further broken down or recycled (with the help of another substance, creatine phosphate, or CP), so it can provide more energy to your working muscles.