Atrial Septal Disorder Case Studies

Atrioventricular Canal Defect is an abnormality that causes the mixing of blood. There is a hole in center of heart where the wall between the upper and lower chambers meet. The tricuspid and mitral valves aren’t formed properly and one large valve crosses the defect. The defect lets oxygen rich blood pass to the heart’s right side and mix with deoxygenated blood, then go back to the lungs. Another abnormality is Atrial Septal Defect (ASD), where the walls of the upper chambers of the heart don’t close completely, causing a left to right movement of blood due to the higher pressure. The mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood may cause the right atrium and ventricle to enlarge due to the higher volume of blood.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), one of the more common cardiac defects at birth, is the persistence of an opening between the pulmonary artery and the descending thoracic aorta. This opening is as a result of failure of the physiological fetus ductus arteriosus to close, which normally occurs soon after birth. This hole allows for oxygenated blood from the aorta to mix with oxygen-depleted blood from the pulmonary artery. As a consequence, significant strain is placed on the heart and pressure within the lungs’ arteries is dramatically increased.

Congenital left ventricular outpouching (LVO) is an uncommon perinatal diagnosis. Various terms used in the medical literature to describe the LVO are a source of perplexity. The novel classification developed in a recent review by Rad et al attempting to provide a clear differentiation of the mixed definitions based on anatomical and cardiac imaging data. Our report presents a case series of prenatal diagnosis of LVO. The application of Rad et al original classification and its impact on the patients’ outcome are discussed.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a problem with the heart's structure and function that is present at birth (Weinrauch, 2015). Congenital heart disease is divided into two types, cyanotic (turns the skin blue due to a lack of oxygen) and non-cyanotic. Cyanotic heart diseases include Ebstein’s anomaly, tricuspid atresia, tetralogy of Fallot, Truncus arteriosus, transportation of the great vessels, pulmonary atresia, hypoplatstic left heart, and total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Non-cyanotic heart diseases include aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), arterial septic defect (ASD), coarctation of the aorta, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion defect).

An atrial septal defect (ASD) is a hole in the heart. This hole is located in the thin tissue (septum) that separates the two upper chambers of the heart, the right and left atrium. This hole is present at birth (congenital). A few minutes after birth, this hole normally closes so that blood is not able to go between the right and left atrium.

Third, thoraco-abdominal, constitutes 20% of the total cases. The heart is located in the area between the thorax and the abdomen. Lastly, abdominal, constitutes 10% of the total cases. The heart is located in the abdomen of the infant. In which the heart passes through a defect in the diaphragm to enter the abdominal cavity. To conclude, Thoracic and thoraco-abdominal ectopia cordis constitute the vast majority of known cases (Meena, 2016).

Congenital left ventricular outpouching (LVO) is a rare disorder in which a confined protrusion arises from the left ventricular (LV) free wall. The terms LV aneurysm, LV diverticulum, double-chambered LV and LV accessory chamber have been used interchangeably in the literature [1–9], however anatomical differences do exist between these terms [10]. LV aneurysm is an expansible thin-walled, usually fibrotic myocardium and pericardium, pouch contracting in asynchrony with the LV and has a wide communication with the LV cavity. Conversely, an LV diverticulum has three cardiac wall layers (endocardium, myocardium and pericardium), contracts in synchrony with the LV and has a narrow connection to LV. LV accessory chamber presents an entity that combines some criteria of both aneurysm and diverticulum. Its wall is similar to a diverticulum but it has a wide communication with the LV as an aneurysm. Lastly, double-chambered left ventricle displays a combination of the above-mentioned characteristics.

The most common comorbid cardiac malformation is a ventricular septal defect (VSD). or tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and others are isolated defects. In Case of VSD the patency of the ductus arteriosus can be maintained by the use of prostaglandin while the colostomy is established. Also the patent foramen ovale may need to be enlarged by the balloon technique in the case of inadequate atrial mixing. This is the only case where the cardiac lesion will have to be repaired before the ARM.

It’s always a hard thing when you’re a parent and you get told that something’s wrong with your child. It’s even worse when it’s something that’s as bad as a heart issue. My brother, Tyler Rueter, 6 hours after he was born, was diagnosed with Pulmonary Atresia with a ventricular septal defect. For the next 6 months they’d have to go through an open heart surgery in Omaha and countless doctor visits. Pulmonary Atresia is a rare birth defect of the pulmonary valve inside of your heart. The pulmonary valve controls the blood flow from the right ventricle to the main pulmonary artery.

​In some cases, heart disease can lead to an irregular rhythm or rate of the heartbeat known as an arrhythmia. (American Heart Association, 2014) While arrhythmias for the most part are harmless, there are some cases where they can be very severe and potentially fatal. The reason for this being that arrhythmias can affect the amount of blood the heart is able to pump. Arrhythmias can be categorized into three main groups. These groups are known as tachycardia, bradycardia, and irregular rhythm of the heart. (National Institutes of Health, 2011)

the ventricular septum. Occasionally, subaortic stenosis is also associated with an AV canal defect. It is

A patient with symptoms including: slurred speech, 120 heart rate, respiratory rate of 24, diaphoretic and oxygen saturation level of 88%, requires an emergency response. Tachypnea with low oxygen levels may be helped by using oxygen, additionally calling a rapid response team is important in case the patient goes downhill quickly. To address tachycardia I would attach an EKG machine to the patient to assess the heart, will determine if the patient is having a heart attack. If the patient is conscious I would ask if they have any other symptoms they could tell me about. Additionally I would ask someone to call or find family members to get as much information as we could.

In normal development, pulmonary veins are continually connected to the left atrium. At the end of the development of the heart, four pulmonary veins independently open into the left atrium. However, about one out of every 100 babies are born with some type of congenital heart defect (Fact Sheet). Of those born with a congenital heart defect, approximately 1-2% have an abnormal pulmonary connection. Abnormal pulmonary connections may happen due to the separation of the splanchnic plexus which occurs at a length of no more than 250 micrometers, allowing for easy errors in some rare

Left ventricular dysfunction is a condition that happens when the main pumping chamber of your heart (left ventricle) is not working well. The heart is a muscle and needs a constant supply of oxygen and blood. If the arteries that deliver the oxygen and blood are blocked, parts of the heart may become weak and not pump well. The heart may also get weak from having to constantly pump against the resistance of high blood pressure or narrow arteries.

According to the text approximately 1, 966 babies are born with Atrial Septal Defect. People who have this disorder are dealing with this everyday of their life. Since Atrial Septal Defect is a heart condition, the symptoms and treatment have an impact on everyday life.