Atropa Belladonna Research Paper

4. Describe and demonstrate cellular respiration and energy production in plants including aerobic and anaerobic pathways.

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis share many similarities in structural components and processes, such as the fact that both derive energy from electrons as they pass through a chain. With the use of electron transport chains, both processes move hydrogen ions across a membrane to form a chemiosmotic gradient. Both systems use this gradient to move hydrogen ions through the membrane passively and into an ATP synthase molecule, which yields ATP molecules. We see the intermediate molecule G3P in cell respiration and photosynthesis, which goes on to form glucose or other complex compounds. Both systems share unique and similar characteristics that make life possible for both plant and animal cells.

Plants occur around the world in a wide variety of environments, but how does the environment affect photosynthesis rate? Temperature, light intensity, water supply, and the amount of carbon dioxide are all factors that contribute photosynthesis rate. For the lab on photosynthesis, our group tested the Anacharis Bunch plant, which is an aquatic plant that needs moderate light in order for photosynthesis to occur (“Anacharis (Egeria densa)”). For photosynthesis to take place, energy from the sun is required. When sunlight strikes a plant, the stoma opens and carbon dioxide along with energy from the sun are absorbed into the chlorophyll as well as water which is transported up through the leaves to the chloroplasts where the chlorophyll are located. The chlorophyll then uses carbon dioxide, water, and the sun’s energy to produce to sugars such as glucose. After the glucose is produced, the energy that is stored in the glucose is then used to form ATP, which is carried throughout the plant and into the chloroplast where the energy is used for photosynthesis and other cellular functions. As a byproduct of synthesizing, a plant releases oxygen and water into the air. Then the cycle of photosynthesis which is made up of two parts, the Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle, start all over again (“A Primer on Photosynthesis”). To figure out the rate at which the Anacharis Bunch plant photosynthesizes under different conditions, my group and I decided to test the

Photosynthesis and respiration are both metabolic pathway reactions that are vital for the existence and survival of organisms in plants and animals. These reactions, both having the same goal, use the sun to produce free energy – ATP, which enables them to grow. The process’ used in photosynthesis and respiration have similarities and differences which complement each other in the environment to allow function, thus enabling them to each carry out the correct actions to fulfill their own necessities.

Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process that converts carbon dioxide into sugars, such as glucose, using energy from the sun and other lights. When light is absorbed by the pigments in the leaf, the energy absorbed is used to incorporate the carbon dioxide into organic molecules in a process called carbon fixation. The equation for photosynthesis in words is carbon dioxide + water (light energy) → Glucose + Oxygen. In numbers it is 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This lab used leaf disks to evaluate the net rate of photosynthesis under various lighting conditions, light, ambient light, and dark. The lab members assessed the leaf responses under sunlight or ambient light. Leaf disks normally float, however when the air spaces are pervaded with carbon dioxide, the overall density of the leaf disk increases and

Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in glucose. The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2. Glucose needs UV light, carbon dioxide, and water to form. The UV light from and water is absorbed into the plant by the leaves of the plant. In the mesophyll cells of the leaves, organelles called the chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that absorbs the energy from light (Campbell and Lawrence, 1999). Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light; it is the green light which

Photosynthesis is the process through which plant cells convert energy from the sun into chemical vitality. The chemical process of photosynthesis involves carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight which are then turned to glucose and oxygen. Cellular respiration consists of the separation of food molecules that results in energy which is then reserved as adenosine triphosphate molecules.

Most enzymes in the important process of photosynthesis are usually embedded in the stroma in thylakoid membranes. The stroma is filled with fluid surrounding the grana and also has a part in the syntheses of organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide. After that production of the starch or sugar moves out into the stroma. That is where the enzymes take carbon from carbon dioxide then mixes it with oxygen and hydrogen to make a carbohydrate molecule. The function is generally known as the Light-independent reactions or the dark reactions.

Photosynthesis, the basis of life as it produces oxygen that many organisms need, is often seen as the general equation CO2+H2O+lightC6H12O6+O2, yielding glucose and oxygen as products. However, when the process is further broken down, photosynthesis can be divided into two reactions: light-dependent and light-independent. In addition, because photosynthesis is an endergonic reaction, the process will be slow to happen due to the fact that the products have more energy than the reactants. Furthermore, before glucose and oxygen can be produced, the light-dependent reaction must occur first. In this reaction light strikes the chloroplast causing a series of reactions, such as water splitting, the production of ATP, and NADPH is produced as an end result. After this occurs, the light-independent reaction occurs, starting with ATP and NADPH to reduce carbon dioxide to sugar. Carbon dioxide is then broken and carbon enters the cycle to leave as sugar, while the ATP generates energy for the reaction and NADPH adds electrons to form the sugar. In the end, glucose is made after several turns of the Calvin cycle. Overall, both the cycles work together in order to form sugar and oxygen that is essential to many living

Photosynthesis is one of the most important processes regarding living things. Photosynthesis is a process that plants undergo in order to produce food for themselves as well as giving off oxygen as a byproduct. Plants undergo photosynthesis because they are autotrophs, meaning that these organisms can gather energy from various non-living structures and store that energy in hydrocarbons (1). More specifically, most plants (including the elodea used during the lab) classify further as phototrophs. Phototrophs are organisms in which gathers the energy they use during photosynthesis from sunlight (1). The chemical equation which represents photosynthesis is as displayed below (2):

Background: Photosynthesis fuels ecosystems and replenishes the Earth’s atmosphere with oxygen. All enzyme-driven reactions, the rate of photosynthesis can be measured by either the disappearance of substrate, or the accumulation of products. The leaf is composed of layers of cells. Mesophyll layer is normally infused with gases, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The disks cut from leaves will normally float in water because of the gases. If the leaf disk are placed in a solution with an alternate source of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate ions, then the spaces of mesophyll and the leaf becomes buoyant and floats. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through opening in the leaf called stoma. The buoyancy of the leaf disk is the an indirect

Photosynthesis is a process that converts light energy to chemical energy and is unique to the chloroplast of a plant cell. The chloroplast has both an inner and outer membrane, similar to the mitochondria. The inner membrane contains the matrix-like stroma. Within the stroma are disc-shaped structures called thylakoids. Thylakoids stack on top one another to from granum. This small, structural, and highly-specialized organelle specializes in using light energy, water, and carbon dioxide as substrates to produce sugar and oxygen.

Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water and produces glucose. Photosynthesis provides the inputs for cellular respiration. Unlike cellular respiration which has three stages, photosynthesis has only two main stages, light reactions and the calvin cycle. The light reactions stage uses two different photosystems: water-splitting and NADPH-producing. These photosystems contain hundreds of pigment molecules such as chlorophyll a and b, and carotenoids. These pigments are very important for absorbing and reflecting light for the light reactions. The main fucnction of this first stage is to generate ATP and NADPH for the calvin cycle. The ATP and NADPH are used up along side carbon dioxide molecules to form an energy-rich sugar labeled G3P. G3P molecules are what are used to contrsuct glucose as well as other organic molecules. Carbon dioxide is essential for photosynthesis. Some plants are not able to receive the appropriate amount of carbon dioxide and therefore suffer as a result. However, some planst such a C4 and CAM plants have made evolutionary adaptations that allow the plant to still perform photosynthesis and survive on minimal amounts of carbon dioxide. These evolutionary adaptations also help to reduce water

There are two stages to photosynthesis. The first stage of photosynthesis is a set of reactions typically referred to as the light-independent reactions (Damon, 2007). The light-independent reactions predominantly involve photosynthetic pigments (including chlorophyll) absorbing light energy and undergoing a conversion into chemical energy known as Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). Also, light energy is utilised by the plant to undergo a reaction called photolysis of water. In this reaction, a water molecule is split into its component elements; hydrogen and oxygen (Damon, 2007). The oxygen is extracted from the plant as a waste product and can

Photosynthesis is an oxidation-reduction process powered by light in order to create energy for the cell. Plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria (Kingdom Protista) use light energy to synthesize organic compounds (Whitmarsh and Govindjee). The chemical equation for photosynthesis looks relatively simple, however, is truly complicated because the cell has to use over 30 different proteins to synthesize organic compounds within the cell. Photosynthesis is represented by the chemical equation, 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H12O6 + 6O2. The equation shows that carbon dioxide, water, and light react to form glucose (a carbohydrate) and oxygen. Each year, photosynthesis is responsible for ten percent of the atmospheric carbon dioxide on earth being reduced to form glucose (Whitmarsh and Govindjee). Photosynthesis is essential for the life of the cell because it provides energy for the cell to do all of its biological needs. Photosynthesis is also really important for other living organisms, including humans, because the waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen, which is essential for life of most living things. Photosynthesis creates two compounds, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide phosphate hydrogen (NADPH). ATP and NADPH are the “energy currency” of the cell (Whitmarsh and Govindjee). Photosynthesis occurs in two main processes, the light dependent reactions, and the dark reactions.