Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder : A Common Behavioral Disorder Essay

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurological disorder and is mainly diagnosed in childhood, although it can carry on into adulthood. ADHD often occurs in more in males than females. A child with ADHD might daydream, forget or lose things, fidget, talk too much, and having trouble socializing. School can be very challenging for a child with ADHD. A child with ADHD may have trouble concentrating in school, have difficulties reading and writing, and have trouble making friends and socializing.

Neurodevelopmental disorders affect the development and growth of the brain and central nerve system. Neurodevelopmental disorders interfere with emotions, self control, learning ability, and memory as an individual grows. Neurodevelopmental disorders associated with degrees of difficulty have significant mental, physical, emotional, and consequences pertaining to economic. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder known as ADHD are difficulties interfering with behavior pertaining to children. When attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is involved a child is more likely not to follow directions and fail to respond to demands. Children diagnosed with this disorder are known to have a lower IQ than others. It is usually seven to fifteen points lower than normal. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder creates social issues due to the impulsivity and over activity that a child may have. This ADHD disorder causes children to be socially disturbing and immature. When being judged negatively by peers it results in behavior problems when a child has ADHD. The behavior criteria in this disorder involves not getting along with parents because they do not do what they are told to do, they become easily distractive, they start a task, but is quick to lose focus on what they were doing, has a hard time

Langberg, Epstein, Urbanowicz, Simon, and Graham (2008) is in agreement with Smith et al. (1998) that children with ADHD will display off tasks, impulsive, and disruptive behaviors in the classroom (Langberg, Epstein, Urbanowicz, Simon, & Graham, 2008). Also, Raggi and Chronis (2006) state that academic difficulties for children and adolescents with ADHD include failure to complete homework, poor comprehension of material, poor study skills, low test and quiz grades, poor preparation for class, disruptive behavior, peer conflict, and conflict with teachers (Raggi & Chronis, 2006). Adolescents can also experience new sets of problems due to physical and social maturity such as automobile accidents, traffic tickets, difficulty in romantic relationships, vocational problems, and substance use and abuse (Evans, Timmins, Sibley, White, Serpell, & Schultz, 2006). Although these problems usually do not occur until high school, these negative outcomes usually start in middle school (Evans, Timmins, Sibley, White, Serpell, & Schultz, 2006). Children and adolescents with symptoms of hyperactivity can have an effect on their academic functioning such as difficulty staying seated in the classroom; excessive fidgeting; greater touching of objects; and playing noisily (Raggi & Chronis, 2006). Negative consequences can occur because of hyperactivity such as increased discipline and negative teacher attributions in the classroom and lower

They are constantly moving, squirming and fidgeting as a result, may be physically clumsy and awkward. Their clumsiness may extend to the social arena. The causes of AHHD are not known however, it appears that heredity plays a major role in the development of ADHD. The drugs used to treat ADHD are Cylert, Dexedrine, and Ritalin and although the exact cause of ADHD is not known, an imbalance of certain neurotransmitters, the chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells, is believed to be the mechanism behind ADHD symptoms (ford 2). If ADHD is not treated and left undiagnosed children may have serious problems as they grow older. ADHD negatively affects a child's social and educational performance and can seriously damage his or her sense of self-esteem. They may be perceived as slow learners or troublemakers in the classroom people may think of them as outcasts. Siblings and even parents may develop resentful feelings towards the ADHD child (Ford 6). The social impact on a child with ADHD can affect them in ways people don't understand and parents, teachers and other students should be a role model to ADHD children because if they are demonstrating appropriate behavior then the child imitates and looks up to them.

The social problem of children with ADHD, is often times this disorder is repeatedly misdiagnosed. There have made assumptions that if a child is acting out, misbehaving or not listening that they have ADHD. In these cases, that cannot be the case due to a child can have another disorder in place of this, a combined disorder or none at all. In the article, there are “other childhood disorders have similarities

Socioeconomic background – children from low income, single parent families, families where both parents work, show a higher rate of ADHD.

Inclusive to showing the basic symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, individuals with ADHD often experience co-morbidity. According to Biederman, about 30-50% of children who have ADHD also have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and/or conduct disorder (CD). (Biederman 1991) In 20-30% of ADHD cases there is also co-occurrence of anxiety. (Biederman 1991; Pliszka 1998) Bipolar disorder is also present in those possessing ADHD, studies show that it is between 11 and 22% (Biederman 1998). Twenty to thirty percent of ADHD children also possess an associated learning disorder of reading, spelling, writing and arithmetic (Biederman 1991; Pliszka 1998). Without identification and proper treatment, ADHD could have severe consequences, including failing school, the stressing and disrupting of family, depression, relationship struggles, substance abuse, delinquency, and accidental injuries.

Siblings of the ADHD person and also negatively affected. Their parents have to spend more time with the child who has ADHD, because of this the sibling can feel jealous that they get more attention (Jones, Welsh, Glassmire, & Tavegia, 2006, p. 758). It is known that they feel less happy with their overall life and family. There is evidence found that fighting and bullying happen more in families with an ADHD child (Peasgood et al., 2016, p. 1217). Jones stated:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects an individual’s ability to control attention and behaviour in an optimal and adaptive manner. Reference. According to the National Institutes of Health attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common childhood disorders (NIH, 2008). ADHD can be defined as as having a combination of overactive and poorly modulate behaviour which creates restlessness and impulsive tendencies which occur early in life i.e, before 7 years. Reference. ADHD has 3 core characteristics; inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As ADHD cannot be cured there has been an abundance of information about the interventions that can be used to control ADHD. Evidence has

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is one of the most prevalent childhood and adolescence disorder. ADHD world prevalence rates is around 5% and “range from 1% to 20% among school-age children (Sciotto, …2016, p. 35). There is a variability in prevalence rates across countries, which has led to researchers to question whether ADHD diagnosis reflects the norms and biases of western cultures. Even though the diagnosis are thought to reflect western cultures and norms, it has been difficult to agree professionally on what ADHD is, what should be done about it, and how it should be approached (Timimi, S. & Taylor, E., 2003, p. 8). There is a lack of specific cognitive, metabolic, or neurological procedures and medical tests for ADHD. In addition to this lack, considering the different cultures adds to the difficulty of accurately identifying ADHD. It is, however, important to realize that culture plays an important role in identifying, diagnosing, and treating ADHD. Variations in diagnostic practices, medication treatment prevalence, school system policies, and cultural attitudes influences the availability to services for ADHD (Scuitto et al., 2016, p.35).

Hypothesizes: Girls with ADHD interact more aggressively than, girls without ADHD, and girls with both ADHD + ODD are more aggressive than the other two groups.

The characteristics of children with ADHD may vary depending on the type of ADHD. However, many students with ADHD achieve lower grades in the classroom and lower standardized test scores. Not only do the symptoms negatively impact the child’s education, it also negatively impacts the child’s social life.

ADHD occurs more often in males than in females, and behaviors can be different in boys and girls. For example, boys may be more hyperactive and girls may tend to be quietly inattentive.

The different clusters as noted in the same paper also were quite interesting, especially when talking to their teachers about how they were in school. Most of the time you hear about ADHD children, you hear about the hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is interesting to see that depending on the different cluster of the one study that they child was is, that they may have different behaviors in school. They discussed anti-social children and the anxious, unpopular, almost obnoxious children with the same disorder. It is interesting

Attention deficit disorder is a condition characterized by the attention span that is less than expected for the age of the person. There is often age inappropirate hyperactivity and impulsivness. Attention deficit disorder is broken down in three sub catergories. Attention disorder dificit / hyperacity disorder: combined type, predominate inattentive and predominatly hyperactive or impulsive. The cause of the disorder is unknown. Some contributing factors includes prenatal toxic exposure and prematurity. There frequently is a family history of school problems, behavioral disorder or other psych- social problem. Sometimes a history of injuries to the central nervous systeem exsit. People with attention deficit