Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed in childhood and affects approximately 5% of children worldwide (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013). Once thought to be a disruptive behavior problem, it is now believed to be a neuropsychological disorder that results from abnormalities within the brain and manifests as functional deficits (Barkley, 1997). These deficits result in symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Current diagnostic criteria for ADHD include 18 symptoms that are defined by these three core clusters (APA, 2013). ADHD usually manifests during childhood, however it persists into adolescence and adulthood in an estimated 35%-70% of cases (Adler & Cohen, 2004; Barkley, Fischer, Smallish, & Fletcher, 2002; Kessler et al., 2005) and affects approximately 2.5% of adults worldwide (APA, 2013). The prevalence of adult ADHD is estimated to be between 4% and 5% in the United States, amounting to approximately 9.4 million adults (Faraone, Spencer, Montano, & Biederman, 2004). ADHD was conceived as primarily a disorder of childhood; therefore diagnostic criteria, assessment, and treatment of ADHD in children are well established and more is known about ADHD in children than in adults. ADHD is defined by inattention and behavioral characteristics that affect the individuals’ academic or occupational performance and relationships. For an adult ADHD diagnosis, the individual must have symptoms that
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or ADHD which is often referred to as childhood hyperactivity, it 's a severe and chronic disorder for children. It is one of the most prevalent childhood disorders, and affects 3% to 5% of the school-age population. Boys outnumber girls three or more to one. Children with ADHD can experience many behavioral difficulties that often manifest in the form of inattention, being easily distracted, being impulsive, and hyperactivity. As a result, children with ADHD may develop emotional, social, developmental, academic, and family problems because of the frustrations and problems they are constantly experiencing. (Shea)
and conduct and learning disorders” (Jackson 2725). Testing for ADHD for a child is a long, difficult, and frustrating process. The caregivers go through a battery of questionnaires, insurance hurdles, and serious behavior battles. ADHD is becoming more recognized as a legitimate issue and testing of treatments have gone underway, but do vary from physician to physician. Research shows that “ There is a growing professional acknowledgment that ADHD is a neurophysiologically based self-control disorder, However, the diagnostic and treatment approaches are controversial and vary considerably across professionals” (Magyary 554). There is a plethora of information about ADHD, and the treatments available. Studies agree that it is a fast growing epidemic, that has received the most funding for research for psychiatric
In the psychiatric medical field, there is a book called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) that provides very specific guidelines on how to recognize, diagnose, and treat mental disorders. ADHD was first introduced to the DSM in 1980 when the DSM-II was published. Since then, three more DSM’s were published, making DSM-V the most up-to-date published manual. In the DSM-V, it describes “people with ADHD [must] show a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development” and a detailed list of criteria for either inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity follows (“Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”). Also, everyone potential patient must present four specific conditions: they had to present the inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms prior to age twelve, the symptoms must be present in at least two different settings, the symptoms must impair the individual or evidently interfere with life, and the symptoms must not better fit any other mental disorder (“Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)”). Also, only professionals trained to diagnose ADHD are able to diagnose patients, therefore, eliminating any diagnostic errors attributed to a lack of
I chose to research Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD, in culture and child development for the following reasons. First, it is important as educators that we understand the difference between restlessness and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children. Secondly, we must be conscious of the origins of ADHD, how to recognize it, the myths and prejudices against it, and know the most appropriate intervention strategies. Educators must also realize that even if a child has ADHD that does not mean they are unintelligent or lazy.
ADHD is a psychological disorder characterized difficulty sitting still, fidgetiness and trouble paying attention. ADHD is usually diagnosed in children while they are still in elementary school. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 11% of all kids in the US between the ages of 4 and 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD. In recent years, the prevalence of children being diagnosed with ADHD was spiked tremendously. For example, the rates of diagnosis increased by almost 6% per year just from the years 2003-2007. Due to increases in diagnosis, many psychologists have began to question whether or not the increase in ADHD is a true epidemic, or whether it is simply being over diagnosed.
ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADD, is a common disability with an estimated affected population of 17 million in the United States (Amen XV). The disorder mainly results in a lost of focus due to low brain activity leading not only to learning disabilities, but also to numerous social problems such as relationship breakups, job failures, and drugs or alcohol abuse. Medical experts consider genetics, head injury, toxic exposure, and poor diet to be the primary causes of ADHD. Although a significant number of people are unaware, there are remedies for ADHD; it can be effectively treated with medication, behavior therapy, and proper diet.
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is becoming more and more predominant every year throughout the entire world. It is one of the most common disorders that today’s children have. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Rates of ADHD diagnosis increased an average of 3% per year from 1997 to 2006 and an average of approximately 5% per year from 2003 to 2011,” which illustrates that this disorder is becoming a common one to diagnose (CDC, 2015). These percentages prove that ADHD is recognized and treated more than it was a few years ago. Now that children are being diagnosed, doctors, parents, and educators can make the necessary changes to positively affect the child’s daily life.
ADHD is the commonly refered to acronym of a disorder know as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ADHD is a physical disorder not an emotional disorder. While problems at home, poor parenting or stress at school may affect how symptoms come to be recognized, they are not the cause of ADHD. Symptoms of this disorder include children who display hyperactivity, impulsivity, and or including inattentiveness to an extent that it is not age appropriate. There are three variations of this disorder and the symptoms listed above will vary depending on these variations. ADD is accosiated with ADHD but without the symptom of hyperactivity. A child with ADD will be inattentive and implusive to a degree that is not appropriate. The third variation associated with this disorder is a combination of the two. Children may also display symptoms of both ADHD and ADD which means they will display all of the symptoms listed above. (Ruth D. Nass, 2011)
The main purpose of this paper is to provide the reader a quick overview and insight of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADHD, is a common disorder that can affect some children and adolescent. ADHD can continue into adulthood for some of these children. The NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health, estimates that 3% to 5% of children have ADHD. Though, some experts say ADHD may occur in 8% to 10% of school-aged children. The American Psychological Association (APA) added the condition to its diagnostic handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, in the late 1980s. There are many potential reasons for the rise in diagnosis over the past few decades. It could be that
My name is Rachel Pankin and I am an undergraduate at George Mason University studying Developmental Psychology and Applied Behavioural Analysis. This paper is an analysis and comparative of ADHD with Autism and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, along with in-depth analysis of the IRIS Modules Perceptions of Disability and Classroom Management: Learning the Components of a Comprehensive Behavior Management Plan, and the documentary “Medicating Kids” by PBS. I chose this specific assignment based on my own experience with ADHD, and the desire to better understand the disorder.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), all the more usually alluded to as Include (Attention Deficit Disorder) has just as of late come to notice of researchers. It affects 3.5 million individuals less than 18 years old and 5 million individuals beyond 18 years old. Its present reason for presence is because of deformities at neurotransmitter destinations, rendering patients unmindful and indiscreet. Nonetheless, consistently more advance is made in finding the cause and discovering more compelling medicines. ADHD 's first determination was made in 1902 by Dr. George Still. He watched 20 kids who were oblivious, rash, hyperactive, and indicated inclination swings. He at first ascribed their conduct to mellow cerebrum harm. By 1917 ADHD or always dynamic was still thought to have this cause. As of now, popular encephalitis appeared to be connected to the illness in light of the fact that, subsequent to being tainted, kids had impeded consideration, memory, and motivation control. In 1937 ADHD was known as insignificant cerebrum brokenness and started to be treated with amphetamines, which made kids with the turmoil much more quiet.
ADHD is a disorder that mainly affects children, but can continue into an adult’s daily life. It was classified in 1987 in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). It has a variety of negative outcomes that can interrupt a child’s schooling and normal life. There are true cases of ADHD that children have been diagnosis using the DSM-III, but there have been children said to be ADHD because they are just hyperactive. The level of hyperactivity or impulsivity must be appropriately measured by psychologist over years of the children experiencing symptoms to be able to true diagnosis. The proper diagnosis can affect the child’s schooling and life after school as an adult with work skills. It is most often treated using Psychostimulants.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder that can continue through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD is characterized by difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, impulsive behaviors and hyperactivity. The symptoms of ADHD are grouped in three categories: inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Symptoms of inattention present as being easily distracted, missing details, forgetfulness, frequently going from one activity to another, difficulty focusing, easily bored, difficulty completing a task or learning something new, often losing things, disobedient to authoritative figures, constant daydreaming, and difficulty processing information compared to other in the
During the last year I often heard a Sunday school teacher say “they all have ADHD” when talking about her six-year old charges. She is neither a medical professional nor a teacher; she just thinks it is funny. In this paper I will study ADHD by examining its characteristics, diagnosis, risk factors, treatments and controversies and its functional consequences. I focus mostly on children since they are the heart of this course.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning and psychiatric problems. There are three types of ADHD; inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and combination type. With inattentive type the child displays disorganization, is unable to complete tasks, becomes easily bored, and