Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )

Analysis of parent-reported data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2011–2013 found that 10% of children ages 4–17 years were diagnosed with ADHD (Pastor et al. 2015) Boys (13.3%) are twice more affected by ADHD than girls (5.6%)(Pastor et al. 2015). A similar study found that the prevalence rate of ADHD diagnosis increased from 7.0% in 1997–1999 to 10.2% in 2012–2014(ADHD General Prevalence. (2014).

White boys are diagnosed with ADHD more frequently than white girls, or black or Hispanic children. (SCHNEIDER) Another reason that ADHD may be under recognized in girls because they tend to demonstrate lower levels of disruptive behaviors and higher levels of social impairment, inattention, and internalizing symptoms.Black, Hispanic, rural, and poor children may be diagnosed with ADHD less frequently compared with white children because of various factors, including lack of access to mental health care services, negative parental beliefs about ADHD, or previous negative experiences with mental health treatment.

Results revealed that there were some relations to behavioral risk indicators of ADHD, as well as academic achievement regarding children who are African Americans and other ethnic groups rather than children who are white to receive an ADHD diagnosis in the United States during childhood. Later in the study evidence showed off how this has changed over the course of years and gradually, it increased through third grade and declined thereafter. This ADHD diagnoses began to increase in the younger years of childhood for white children, as the other racial group remains constant. The probabilities of diagnosis showed to be lower for Hispanics, and children of other ethnicities. Surprisingly, it was the lowest for African Americans. The survey showed a cumulative proportion of children not diagnosed with ADHD. Overall there results stated that 7% of white children

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).

Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) crosses gender, cultural, and socioeconomic lines, but it does not render adolescents from participating or excelling in the academic process. ADHD disorder has been defined as a neurobiological development disorder of impaired executive functions that significantly affects self-control, behavior, cognition, and learning. (Anthony L. Rostain & J. Russell Ramsay, 2005) According to a study conducted by the American

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly found disorder in children in the United States. Statistics show that the male to female ratio for children with ADHD is eight to one. 4.4 million Children between the ages four to seventeen have diagnosed with ADHD (Cheng Tina L et al.). African American children are at a higher risk for having ADHD. Caucasian children are least likely to have ADHD. 2.5 million children receive medication for ADHD, but African American children are half as likely as Caucasian children to take ADHD medication(Cheng Tina L et al.). If African American children do not take medication for ADHD the child will most likely do drugs, drop out of school, or find it harder to receive a job when they get older. There is not cure for children who have ADHD, but there is medication children can take to decrease their hyperactive and impulsive symptoms. Adderall, Methylin, Concerta, and Focalin are some of the medications given for children who have ADHD. Methylphenidate is the most common medication prescribed by physicians for ADHD. “Methylphenidate takes effects within fifteen minutes of taking it and lasts between four and twelve hours a day.” (Hughes, Katsiyannis, and Ryan). Although medication is out there for the children to take, some of the medication given haves negative side effects. ADHD is not preventable. Parents should not only avoid drinking, smoking, or doing any other type of drugs to prevent ADHD, but also to prevent

The increase of ADHD diagnosis has raised many concerns among doctors in the United States. In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported new data that showed the number of children diagnosed with ADHD grew by 22 percent in a four-year period Brown University, (2013). The information from the Center for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) raised questions and concerns about the growth of ADHD diagnosis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also stated that the percentage of children with a diagnosis of ADHD continue to increase in the United States. This information was provided by the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) to inform the public and raise awareness for ADHD. Researching the growth of

Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general.

Claim number two is “most student labeled as having A.D.H.D are males and many are black males. But boys tend to be more active than girls, and African Americans are known for being movement oriented, tactile and kinesthetic” (Ford). This claim supports Donna Ford main argument by providing behavioral norms to one gender and ethnicity. when considering to diagnose the child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, consideration of the norms of a gender and ethnicity of that student should factor into the decision.

An evaluation of a child with ADHD includes multiple assessment techniques. The main goals of the assessment are:-

The qualifications are being changed which in turn increase the rates. However, the main reason so many incorrect readings of ADHD occur is because of when people begin to get tested for ADHD. Nowadays, children are tested as early 6 years old (preschool/kindergarten). The difficulty in doing that is misreading a behavior that is simply common in a 6 year old and tagging the child with ADHD. Usually the central behaviors in relation to ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These terms are often used when describing a child’s behavior. As most people know, children are usually hyper, disorderly, and undisciplined. These behaviors that are considered as signs of ADHD are often confused with natural youthfulness. In the findings of studies conducted in New Zealand, Canada, Germany, and the UK show a prevalence rate of 3% to 7%, similar to the US. A notable fact came in the difference in children diagnosis of ADHD. Prevalence rates climbed up to 12% in six to twelve year olds. The jump in rates between children and the average population show the enormous amount of children being diagnosed. To quantify whether or not children are just experiencing early childhood or actual symptoms of ADHD, a Swedish research screened 422 first graders for signs of ADHD. The screening was a standard ten-point questionnaire (conners 10-item scale) and three years later they checked the kids’

In discussions of ADHD, one controversial topic has been the possible over- or under- diagnosis of patients with ADHD symptoms. In her article, Diagnosis is Key to Helping Kids With ADHD, Tanya E. Froehlich insists that the medical community must open up its doors to diagnoses to less privileged patients so that they may receive the appropriate treatment and diagnosis for their current state. Dimitri Christakis, however, argues that while ADHD is certainly a problem in current society, ADHD exists on a spectrum, and therefore cannot be separated into clear black and white territories in his article The Diagnosis Does a Disservice. Still, Keith B. Wilson, in his article, Worrying Disparities in Diagnosis of Black and White Children, maintains

It’s normal for a child to occasionally forget to do their homework, get fidgety when they lose interest in an activity, or speak out of turn during class time. But inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are all signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a neuro-development disorder and can start as early as three years old throughout adulthood. People with ADHD have trouble focusing on tasks and activities, this can have a negative impact on the individual in different ways. It can make the child feel alone, incompetent, and powerless and those that don’t understand this behavior only intensified their struggle. Family and schools have a major impact on the life of a child suffering with ADHD. Parents who

The prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is rather interesting and is very spread out amongst genders and ethnic groups. It is estimated that between 3 to 5% of children that attend school suffer from AD/HD (APA, 2000), and 1.35 to 2.25 million children are suspected of struggling with AD/HD (Turnbell et al., 1995). This ultimately categorizes as one of the most occurring forms of exceptionality. When it

ADHD children seem to always be in motion. They can find it hard to complete tasks they¡¦ve begun and planning ahead is difficult. These children occasionally appear to be oblivious to what takes place around them. Then there are other days when these children appear to behave just fine, apparently unaffected by the disorder. This can pose a problem for the affected youngsters as it leads others to think that the ADHD children can readily control these behaviors. ADHD is non-discriminating. Faced with constant turmoil and commotion in their lives, these affected children are from many diverse backgrounds (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 42). Ethnicity and cultural