ADHD induces Learning Disorder Student’s Name Institution Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder are two mental conditions that mostly affect children. They are caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors relating to affected children. Even there are similar characteristics of the two conditions; they are distinct in features and occurrence. However, it is the similarity of the two conditions that has drawn the attention of many scholars. This paper specifically caries out a review on the comorbidity between ADHD and LD according to different studies already carried on the subject matter. The establishment of possible the interrelationships or associations …show more content…
It is found that typically growing children have a lower rate of LD said to be between 15 to 20%. Next, there are many influencing factors to a historical connection of ADHD and LD among children. First, it has been noted that the nature of studies actually influence the level of comorbidity reported. For instance, all studies that have utilized epidemiologic samples all concur that academic underachievement is in fact positively correlated to ADHD. However, this type correlation is noted mostly for children of ages 6 to 11 years. Secondly, it has been found that ADHD has a higher association with low academic achievement or difficulty when compared with LD. Third, comorbidity levels for ADHD and LD largely relies upon the definition of LD. As a result, studies where LD definition is widened are likely to conclude that there is a higher correlation or comorbidity between ADHD and LD. Consequently, ADHD can be said to induce more or lesser depending on the features of LD picked by different studies. To illustrate this dynamic, a separate study by DuPaul, Gormley and Laracy (2012) indicate higher comorbidity rates for students with writing disorders are picked as opposed to those with reading or math disabilities. This means that comorbidity between the two disorders can actually be reliant on key concepts being focused on by studies. As a result, the samples used in studies have a
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).
The main topic of this page is information and statistics pertaining to children that possess the disorder of ADHD. It provided several statistics amongst the boys and girls that have ADHD. It also provided percentages and rates of how many children are diagnosed with the disorder. It revealed that statistically proven boys are more likely to become diagnosed with the disorder than females are. This site also provided statistics ad ratings of the different treatments that children are taking and how many American children received treatment for the disorder in 2011. There was also a percentage representing the children that may have been diagnosed with the disorder but are not receiving any type of treatment for it. There are also facts supporting that parents that may have been diagnosed with the disorder are more likely to reproduce children that suffer from the same disorder opposed to parents who have not been diagnosed or exhibited any behaviors or symptoms of ADHD. It is also quoted that children that have been diagnosed with the disorder may form a issue with maintaining any relationships or friendships amongst their peers. There was also a percentage that supported the fact that the children that suffer from the disorder of ADHD have a higher rate or major injuries and hospital visits compared to the average child. There is also a high economic cost to care and treat children that suffer from this disorder.
Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) crosses gender, cultural, and socioeconomic lines, but it does not render adolescents from participating or excelling in the academic process. ADHD disorder has been defined as a neurobiological development disorder of impaired executive functions that significantly affects self-control, behavior, cognition, and learning. (Anthony L. Rostain & J. Russell Ramsay, 2005) According to a study conducted by the American
Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general.
This article is focused on the outcomes of children with ADHD with special focus on academic success. It is unfortunate that they end their study with the quote, “ We remain ill informed about
The evaluation of ADHD from a clinician standpoint is that ADHD is a disorder. ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Disorders occur from childhood to adulthood and with treatments for daily interactions, improvement of ADHD symptoms occur as a child ages and reaches adulthood. Disorders evaluated, by the following persons; behavioral neurologist, psychiatrist, clinical or educational psychologist, nurse practitioner, or clinical social worker. Genetics linked to ADHD, with additional research and study of other possible causes and risk factors, which may cause concern is publicized. Researchers suggest, that ADHD runs in families because of genetics or external factors due to smoking or
ADHD, also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common childhood disorders that can carry on through adolescence and adulthood (Thomas Insel, 2013). In 2011, 11% of children were diagnosed with ADHD in the United States and has increased every year by 3% from 1997 to 2006 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). ADHD was originally called ADD which stands for attention deficit disorder but, was
In this new generation, we can see that a lot of children have learning disabilities. Learning disabilities include Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and Dyslexia. Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood brain disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. ADHD is gifted. Other than this, Attention deficit hyperactive disorder also can say is a group of behavioral symptoms that include an inattentive type, hyperactive type and impulsive type. Combined type is most common. All this behavioural symptoms is normal, but for ADHD children, these behavioural symptoms are more often than normal children. The boys will have ADHD changes are more than girls. It is usually discovered
With regard to genetic studies, research has demonstrated the fact that genetic influences are involved. Family studies, molecular genetics, and twin studies have explained the familial nature of ADHD. Regarding family studies, there is a high probability of a child being diagnosed with the disorder if the siblings or parents are also affected. In addition, about 33.3% of fathers who in their childhood had ADHD are likely to bear children who have the disorder. This is an indication that among first degree relatives of affected parents or siblings, there is a 6-8X risk of an ADHD relative to the prevalence of ADHD in the general population.
Another developing concern in regard to the prevalence of ADHD is that there is a growing shifts in the onset span and in the population currently diagnosed with ADHD. A clinical practice guideline published by the American Academy of Pediatrics (2011) reported the expansion of the age range in regard to diagnosis and treatment of ADHD from 6 through 12 years of age to 4 through 18 years of age. More recent studies substantiated that a majority of ADHD cases persists well into adulthood in spite of the widespread recognition of this neurodevelopmental disorder’s onset for which it only occurs in childhood and adolescent years (Simon, Czobor, Balint, Meszaros, & Bitter, 2009). Furthermore, some adults are diagnosed with ADHD without having been diagnosed previously (National Resource Center on ADHD, 2013). Moreover, Asherson et al. (2012) raised a crucial argument in their research that adults with ADHD likely underestimate or ignore the influence brought by the disorder and attempt to compensate for or rationalize the deficiencies by adapting lifestyle that works for them. Thus, it is likely that the current prevalence of ADHD in adults is underreported. Essentially, it indicates that ADHD is a life-long neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder attributed to a sophisticated combination of genetic and environment components.
Even though students with ADHD presented behaviors that affected their educational achievement, medication was not often sufficient to promote positive outcomes. In ADHD studies it is a well-known fact that medication only did not fully enhance the academic experience of the child, however, utilizing multi-intervention strategies seemed to offer the most beneficial outcomes.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a psychological disorder that affects many children and adults in the world. This disorder affects many aspects of their lives as well as the lives of people around them. People with this disorder may find it hard to live a normal life, as well parents of these children may find it difficult to live with the symptoms. Many questions have been answered about this disorder but many still remain. What is ADHD, the characteristics or symptom’s, causes, and is there a genetic cause? Some of these answers have been answered but some are still questionable.
Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders children face. It is typically diagnosed in childhood and often lasts into adulthood. “Children with ADHD may have trouble paying attention, controlling impulsive behaviors (may act without thinking about what the result will be), or be overly active” (CDC 2013). While there is no known direct cause of ADHD, many factors including genetics, environment, social class, and diet are possible links to the disorder. “There are three forms of ADHD; Predominately inattentive presentation, Predominately hyperactive-impulsive presentation and Combined presentation. Forms of ADHD are diagnosed based upon the extremity of displayed symptoms”( CDC 2015).
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V, ADHD is a common psychological disorder characterized by, “A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development…”(DSM-V, 2013). ADHD is surprisingly prevalent in most cultures, occurring in “...about 5% of children and 2.5% of adults.”(DSM-V, 2013). Furthermore, ADHD is relatively difficult to diagnose before the age of 4, as it is hard to distinguish excessive hyperactivity from normative toddler behavior. Once a child enters elementary school, however, these behaviors become more prevalent and detrimental. While physical hyperactivity tends to decline during a child’s transition to adulthood, certain problems with attention,
ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, & Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children” (p. 38). In a