Attenuation Effect Of Single And Combined Treatment With Caffeine And Nifedipine

According to the results, the columns of caffeine in figure 1, of this experiment the hypothesis for caffeine is partially accepted. There is an increasing trend in the change of pulsation rates with increasing

Caffeine is a wildly use drug in today’s society. Caffeine is a methylated xanthine which acts as a mild central nervous system stimulant (MS & RL, 2001). It is a stimulant which acts upon the central nervous system and increases alertness, wakefulness and restlessness and it increases the release of catecholamine from renal medullar (Fernandez, 2016; Collines, 2007). It is present in many beverages. Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, products containing chocolate (cocoa) and some medication (Collines, 2007). It is used as a cardiac and respiratory stimulant (Collines, 2007).Caffeine is the most frequently ingested pharmacologically active substance in the world (Collines, 2007).

This lab covered the effects of caffeine, nicotine, caffeine extract and nicotine extract on the pulsation rates of Lumbriculus variegatus, commonly known as blackworms. The circulatory system consists of the heart and the blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the organism’s body. Blackworms do not possess a respiratory system or a heart, thus they circulate their blood through contractions of the blood vessels. The pulsation rate was observed along the dorsal blood vessel near the posterior end of the worm to give better readings. The various drugs were exposed to the black worm and the effects it had on the pulsation rate were observed. The results found in this experiment could also relate to the effects of these

The effects of caffeine and alcohol on daphnia are expressive of whether these substances are harmful or beneficial to the organism. By understanding the results of this experiment, it may also be understood how these substances effect humans. In this study, one daphnia was exposed to increasing levels of alcohol, while the other was exposed to increasing levels of caffeine, each in order to test the hypothesis that when given amounts of caffeine and alcohol, the daphnia will be affected the same way a human would. The effect of each substance was measured by the daphnia’s heart rate one minute after the substance was added. Results reveal that alcohol slows the heart rate, while caffeine increases heart rate. Furthermore, caffeine shows a

Caffeine was chosen because it raises the heartbeat of humans, so they wanted to see what would happen when given to a Daphnia. One drop of Caffeine was dropped onto the Daphnia and then observed to get a recording of the heart rate. The results for both of the solutions were different which arose the question of whether the Caffeine had an effect on the Daphnia’s. The control group was tested first with 5 trials of different Daphnia, this gave an average heart rate of 114.8 with a difference of 0 between the two Daphnia. The heart rates were recorded 3 times for each Daphnia, for each trial 2 Daphnia’s were tested. When the Daphnia were placed in the toxin the results showed a very obvious change in heart rate with an average of 15.6 in heart rates between the Daphnia placed in water and the Daphnia mixed with caffeine. The experiment was done in a controlled environment in the Parker build at

The data from the mean indicates that caffeine consumption resulted in a heart rate increase for all the patients at an average of 12 units from the normal rate. In addition, the standard deviation post consumption is consistent with mean as it was represented by a factor of 9.74 before the caffeine and 11.58 after. The high deviation after caffeine could be attributed to the fact that caffeine does effect each person differently. The median and mean relate heavily, showing that there was not a large presence of outliers in the data and that there is consistency between each participant’s response to caffeine. The normal distribution of the data was evidenced by the interquartile deviations where the lower quartile was 63.50 before patients were served with coffee and upper quartile of 77.50 and with simultaneous changes after caffeine drinks with low quartile being 74.50 and upper quartile at 92.50. The quartiles distributions show steady changes in heart rate with respect to

Then 0.1 concentration of caffeine solution was used on Daphnia by dropping 2 drops of caffeine solution on them. The average of heartbeats was 67.75. There is increasing of heart rate between distilled water and caffeine solution. Thus, we suggested that caffeine truly have effect on Daphnia. Hypothesis that we made earlier was accepted. The concentration is low that is 0.1% and cause there

Components containing caffeine were composed into stock solutions. These solutions were diluted to 1: 10 substance: mobile phase. A stock solution of caffeine was diluted 1:50. A sequence of diluted caffeine solutions were prepared for use as a standard (ppm): 1, 2, 4, and 10. Solutions of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, and Goody’s Powder were developed to differentiate chromatographic peaks observed. These solutions were subjected to HPLC for examination of the observed peak area and retention time for the set of compounds. Comparison of retention time allowed for the differentiation of peaks observed. The peak area obtained was utilized to determine the relative concentration of caffeine present in Goody’s Powder based on the relationship obtained in the standard. The content of caffeine present in Goody’s Powder by percent weight was identified.

Children are less likely to experience aslow heart rate, sweating, muscle tremors or tear production, but are more likely toexperience lethargy, muscle weakness, constricted pupils, excessive production of saliva,seizures, or coma. Other, more severe conditions such as intermediate syndrome andOrganophosphate-Induce Delayed Neuropathy (OPIDN) can occur at very high exposurelevels (Gervais et.al, pp. 3-4).4. Dose-Response AssessmentIn the laboratory, rats and rabbits were exposed to varying levels of Malathion todetermine its effects. Death occurred in rats at levels 1,000-12,500 mg per kilogram ofbody weight when ingested. When placed on the skin, death occurred at 2000 mg/kg orgreater. When inhaled, death occurred at greater than 5.2 mg/L. As these figures arebased on body weight and lung capacity, death in humans would require significantlyhigher exposures, which is why the EPA considers Malathion to be low or very low intoxicity (Gervais et.al, pp. 2-3).Five humans ingested Malathion (voluntarily) at 0.23mg/kg/day for 47 days, andshowed no notable reduction in the activity of AChE. When the dose was increased to0.34mg/kg/day for 56 days, all five volunteers showed signs of reduced activity of AChEtwo weeks after the experiment began. The highest amount of AChE reduction was 25%,which was recorded up to 3 weeks after the end of the experiment. The inhalation trialsincluded doses of 5.3, 21.0, and 85.0 mg/m3 for one hour, twice a day for 42 consecutivedays. The volunteers reported eye and nose irritation for 5-10 minutes following thebeginning of exposure, but no reduction in AChE activity was found (Gervais et.al, p.5).Fish and rats were

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect of caffeine on goldfish metabolism by measuring their oxygen consumption rates. We wanted to analyze the effect of caffeine on metabolic processes, because present research shows that administration of caffeine therapy to premature

The accomodation property of the crystalline lens is closedly related to its water content. Changes in the level of water content may alter the lens radius of curvature and the refractive index of the lens, leading to optical changes that produce a hyperopic or muopic shit. If the water content increases, lenses would become softer and more easily deformed.

Skin conductance levels were used in another double blind study similar to the former study concerning arousal states and caffeine. Paticipants were to abstain from caffeine for 4 hours before the each study. They were to complete an eyes open eyes closed task, starting 4 minutes after pill was given, before either an odd ball task or Continuous Performance task then another eyes open closed task after the task about 52 minutes after pill was given. The results confirmed prior results of SCL increases, which they noted as arousal, for those given caffeine, which showed effect after twenty-thirty minutes after pill and lasted for 25-30 minutes (Barry, Clarke, Johnstone, & Rushby,

The metabolism results of study A showed caffeine results (Fig. A) as expected. Pre-caf gave the earliest caffeine reading, followed by dur-caf. Urinary caffeine levels (Fig. B) were well below the International Olympic Committee regulation of 12µg/ml. Plasma analysis showed that blood glucose levels were higher in the pre-caf treatment, possibly due an increase in metabolic rate from the

In moderns times, people have become more reliant to caffeine and, the amount of it that is available has steadily increased. The amount of caffeine in caffeinated drinks needs to regulated better and its dangers need to be made more well known. Caffeine can cause many health problems, especially when it is misused. Namely, it can cause heart palpitations, twitching. The following paper will hope to cover the dangers of caffeine, what forms it comes in, the dangers they pose, and how it could be utilized properly.

Caffeine addiction has caused many people to gain more and more diseases throughout our nation. Caffeine, is a stimulant to the central nervous system, and regular use of caffeine does cause mild physical dependence. “The brain of people who consume caffeine can be addicted because it is used to operating in one set of conditions that depend on the ingestion of caffeine” (Stromberg). According to Stromberg, “Caffeine closely resembles a molecule that’s naturally present in our brain, called adenosine, Normally, the adenosine produced over time locks into these receptors and produces a feeling of tiredness.” When people decide to withdraw caffeine it usually gives them headaches, affect their sleeping behaviors, cause nausea, and feel flu like symptoms. According to Science behind food and cooking in the kitchen,“People have used caffeine since the Stone Age. Early people groups found that biting the seeds, bark, or leaves of specific plants had the impacts of facilitating weakness, empowering mindfulness, and hoisting mind-set. Just considerably later was it discovered that the impact of caffeine was expanded by soaking such plants in high temp water. Many societies have legends that characteristic the revelation of such plants to individuals living a huge number of years in the past. According to Newport Academy, “A lot of adults and teenagers consume coffee, tea or other caffeinated products without realizing that they’re chemically dependent on this substance. But if