Aum Shinrikyo: The Example Of CBRN Attacks

In the continuously evolving landscape of the music industry, there exists a plethora of talents that are shimmering with the promise of stardom, but are patiently waiting for their time to shine in the light. Artists like Chapell Ronan, Gracie Abrams, Lucy Davis, and H.E.R. are just a handful of names from many that deserve more recognition than what they are getting. Among all of these artists lies the extremely talented singer, songwriter, and actress Sabrina Carpenter. Despite her cosmic talent, she has yet to reach her peak of pop stardom, but she is definitely on her way. Sabrina Carpenter’s journey to stardom includes her career breakthrough, barriers to success, and her artistic brilliance.

“Attack the Block” is a British film consisting of many genres including science fiction, horror, action and comedy, written and directed by Joe Cornish. Released in 2011, the film revolves around a major theme, demonstrating that all actions have consequences, but it also mentions a bit of redemption, as the characters must save themselves from evil creatures, as well as save London. The film also has plenty of commentary about perceptions and attitudes towards class and the police in England. We see how the police leap to conclusions and unerringly arrest the wrong people for the wrong reasons. “Attack the Block” highlights the disenfranchised immigrant youth in England surviving according to the rules and laws of their “Block”. They are already profiled as criminals due to how they look and where they live. They have to follow the rules of their environment in order to live their lives normally or even to survive day to day.

Bruce Ivins, other than his suicide when things homing on to him with the FBI, is the anthrax killer, exposing and estimated thirty thousand people to the deadly spores, killing five, leaving its illness with seventeen others. (Shactman) The problem with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear terrorism, also know as CBRN, is that, in threats where conventional explosives are not used, chemical, biological, and radiological threats are hard to detect and prevent, and after-the-fact, are, usually, impossible, expensive, or extensive in labor and use of high-tech, cutting-edge equipment, which is complicated and needs technical expertise, to make the clean-up take very long in chemical and radiological threats, and is nearly impossible to collect evidence for examination in a laboratory in chemical and biological threats if aerosolized or in a vapor form, which dissipates into the atmosphere, environment, and plants around it (Center For Excellence in Emergency

Terrorist organizations require a profound amount of cash, as they need to purchase weaponry, supplies, and each recruit needs to be well fed and equipped.

A governmental concern is that a bioterrorist attack will trigger panic amongst the population. Panic refers to a group response where intense fear causes people to be concerned with only their survival. While actual panic is rare, there are certain factors that could cause panic in the event of a bioterrorist attack, including limited medical resources where “first come, first serve” applies, a perception that there is poor

The 1995 Sarin subway attack in Tokyo and the Anthrax letters scare along with multiple attempts by terrorists both at home and abroad have illustrated the fact that terrorists are not objected to using chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction.

First there were a doomsday cult that quickly turned into a terrorist organization followed by a Aum Shinrikyo is still on the United States Foreign Terrorist list even though it suffered a split in two thousand and now calls themselves Aleph. The group has also repented for the attacks of Aum Shinrikyo and has been able to organize compensation for those that were effected. Whether or not the group was successful at its goal is arguable because the end of the world has not happened yet, however they were successful in weaponing a biochemical agent. Scholars argue that “terrorist attack suing a specific weapon will be most likely when the industry corresponding to that weapon within the country of attack is relatively large” which brings into question the origins of the beliefs of Aum Shinrikyo. Their belief in war coupled with the availability of Sarin gas may be “evidence” to those that beielve that the end is nigh. Overall, the group has devolved out a terrorist organization but still acts a a threat to national

Criminal activity and terrorist activity have a relationship that is closely related, with only minor differences separating the two. Terrorist activity are criminal acts that are motivated by a higher cause beyond the basic causes of crime. Terrorist attack are highly planned out, and the same can be said about criminal activity. Serial killers often plan out their acts just as much as terrorist organizations, however the same cannot be said for certain crimes like random assaults. (Newman & Clarke, 2008) The relationship between crime and terrorism is brought closer when terrorist organizations use common crime to fund their attacks. For example, a terrorist organization may resort to stealing chemical agents to make their dirty bombs. The

The threat posed by Aum Shinrikyo has diminished due to the intense scrutiny they have been under since their 1995 attack in Japan (Alfred 2015, 1). The former threats that the organization posed to the public hold many lessons for antiterrorism officials and would be terrorist networks. The CBRN weapons used by the organization are still in use by others today and pose a continued threat to the U.S. and its allies.

When looking at the situations of the Japanese terrorist group Aum Shinrikyo or the Iraqi government in the 1980s, I believe the impact they had on the United States preparedness can be interpreted in either direction. In terms of the Sarin attack on the subway systems in Japan, I believe it did not offer much concern for the United States. The Aum Shinrikyo cult did not fear any retaliation and was already expecting the authorities to raid their facilities (Robertson 2011). To me, this did not warrant a reaction by the United States counter terrorism planning due to its unique and otherwise rare scenario. However, I do believe that the Iraqi government’s use of chemical warfare in the 1980’s did grab that attention. The CIA states that “During

The following report takes into account the selection of two integral companies with global operations, Wal-Mart and Sainsbury. These two companies are critically assessed in link to their individual brand positioning strategies. Some strategies overlap each other whereas some are different, so both are discussed in context. The brand positioning strategy has taken into account the individual companies’ marketing objectives, sales pitches, expansive strategies and service competition that are provided nationally and internationally. Wal-Mart has its extensive operations, hence has a more generic service oriented approach where products are sold and retailed in an intelligent global manner. In this context, its international website layout, online presence and promotional campaigns are discussed that hopes to target mass social target audience. On the other hand, Sainsbury deals in the same business of retail and online shopping, but since its operations are more suited and favorable in the United Kingdom, that is why its operations are limited compared to Wal-Mart. Sainsbury deals with niche market segment, which is limited by some geographic and demographic segmentation. Sainsbury’s promotional and marketing campaigns are also less generic, and keep intact its present social and cultural context. Both companies are suggested for service development, market penetration and market developments. Since both companies are rates exceptionally agile, they still compete on the

As discussed earlier, many biological agents such as anthrax and Ebola have negatively affected populations in a way that has scarred the scene of bioterrorism forever. As shown throughout many different bioterrorism events, the use of biological agents has been effective in their cause while causing the fear that was attempted to be achieved. Although biological agents are effective, they are too harmful to use in regular warfare. Putting the entire human race in risk of extinction, or even possibly causing an apocalyptic society, is not worth the outcome of a bioterrorism attack. While the point may be made by the terrorist, the end result may throw the entire world into a mess socially and

The fact that anthrax causes non-communicable disease (Abramson, 2012, p17) is a benefit if employing it as a military weapon as controllability is desired, but terror organizations are unlikely to see this as either a positive or negative outcome since their desires are accomplished by sowing fear and causing economic damage. Another factor that makes anthrax attractive to terrorists is the relatively small quantity needed to cause a mass casualty incident. Only ¼ ounce of anthrax spores are required to cause mass casualties over an area of 1 square mile (Kostadinov & Galabova, 2010, p298). The simple fact that anthrax has such a long history of easy cultivation going back to 1915 speaks for the lack of technical equipment required to process this material (Kostadinov & Galabova, 2010,

Individuals, groups, and nations throughout history have employed different types of chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear and explosive weapons. Often times, which category depends on factors such as knowledge of the materials being utilized, funding and research capabilities, the ability of acquiring a weapon from an outside source or what the desired end state of the mission may be. In the case of the Rajneesh, that weapon was biological. In 1984, Rajneesh’s cult used a form of Salmonella to contaminate restaurants (Forest 2012).

Sophisticated weaponry is usually acquired by the most funded organizations. The usage of automatic weapons is also becoming common during terrorist attacks. Hijacking aircrafts is also one of the most known terrorism tactic in the world. It also occurred during the 9/11 attacks when four commercial airlines were hijacked simultaneously. However, with modern techniques used in counterterrorism on airports and travelling in general, the incident rate of successful hijacking has decreased. Another historically used means of terrorism is employing biological and chemical weapons. The damage of these weapons depends upon the execution method and quantity used. Many countries in the world have used both chemical as well as biological weapons in