Auret van Heerden is the President of the Florida Labor Association

In The myth of the ethical shopper, Hobbes (2015) states that although boycotts may have been successful in 1990, they are failing in 2105. He asserts that the way in which our clothes are now made has changed and so advocacy campaigns just don't work. One of the problems is that retailers don't have direct contact with their factories. Production is outsourced to the lowest bidders. Chains of sub contractors are set up and production is being split between thousands of factories. Labels from JC Penny, Wal-Mart and Joe Fresh were all found in the rubble of Rana plaza (O'Connor 2014), but none of them directly contracted those factories. With multitudes of middlemen accountability is difficult.

Labor unions were established as a way for workers’ needs and grievances to be heard by management. According to Fossum (2012), “forming a union creates a collective voice to influence change at work” (p. 7). The collective voice of workers in a union holds much more power than any single employee’s voice. It can loudly draw attention to mistreatment or abuse of workers. The organized collective voice of workers demands to be treated in a fair way by its management in terms of wages, hours, benefits, and working conditions.

Walmart claims that its mission is centered on helping people live better which not only applies to customers and associates, but also to the workers who make their products. Furthermore, all the products that Walmart offers to its customers are supposedly verified whether they are produced with dignity and respect for workers. In order to be accepted as Walmart’s supplier there are standards and obligations expected from suppliers. Following section examines closely what are the key standards that according to Walmart prevail within its global supply chain (Walmart, 2012).

I researched Metropolis Coffee Company and the sourcing process that their beans took to get into their shop. In this case, the coffee beans were sourced from countries across South America and Africa. This exercise displayed how we directly influence other people in society through our consumerism. More so, this exercise raises concern to the issues surrounding low wages towards the workers of these food products as well as harsh work conditions they are exposed to. If we were aware of our consumer influence for supporting ethical companies, we could effectively work to support companies whose product comes from an ethical means of

Many people may ask the same question. “Is Wal-Mart good for the economy?” or even “What are Wal-Mart’s standards for suppliers?” Wal-Mart currently has over 4,000 stores in the United Stated and about over 3,000 internationally. As many people may know, Wal-Mart is the largest retailer in the world. In the year of 2004 Wal-Mart had accounted for 6.5 percent of the retail sales. The wellbeing and prosperity of specialists over their production network is the Mindful Sourcing bunch 's top need, which may be the reason Wal-Mart suppliers are contractually needed to sign their “Benchmarks for Suppliers” before they can even be endorsed to deliver stock available to be purchased at Wal-Mart. These Norms for Suppliers make clear their essential desires for suppliers and processing plants in regards to the treatment of laborers and effect on nature. Suppliers are as well needed to show the “Norms for Suppliers” in the nearby dialect in all industrial facilities where items have been made for them, so specialists know the desires of suppliers and plant administration. In this case, many citizens may believe that Wal-Mart may be both good and bad for America in many different ways. This store has been the cost of many people losing their jobs, but it has also helped keep the United States inflation down. Although Wal-Mart does help create many jobs for people, it does not pay them at

Bottling of freshwater from a rare resource in the Fiji Islands, and harvesting of cocoa beans via child slave labor in West Africa, are both ethically questionable. Business practices from both commodities have little regard on damages inflicted during their production. Ethical issues, similarities, and differences with both commodities will be contrasted, a presentation of socially responsible

Bob Jeffcott’s article, “Sweat, Fire and Ethics” examines the problems surrounding the clothing industry and examines the world of sweatshops and the exploitation of women and girls around the world. Jeffcott writes regarding the harsh working conditions workers inhabit and what consumers can achieve to try and make a difference. His central focus is to educate consumers on the rampant problem of unsafe working conditions that goes on behind the scenes of major brands in today’s society. While Jeffcott successfully gets his point across by using historical examples to educate readers, emotionally drawing readers in, and presenting sensible solutions that consumers can do in order to support.

This factory collapsed and killed over 1,000 workers (Abrams, Rachel). In addition US companies use child labor that never would be ok in the domestic market. GAP has been accused of using 8 year old workers and Apple 15 year olds (Lamarque,Hannah). Other companies work minors over 19 hours per day (Lamarque,Hannah ). Can you imagine the backlash if a US company tried these practices? Overall, if they guarantee these rights in their home markets, they should treat their employees and customers abroad with equal human rights protection.

No matter the company, the production of goods in any shape or form is bound to have both costs and benefits to its consumers, its workers and the environment. The widely used phrase ‘commodity chain’ describes process by which firms gathers resources, transforms them into goods (commodities) and, in the final step of the process, and distributes them to consumers (Sparke, 2013). In our age of technology and the ever reigning presence of the internet, commodity chains are becoming increasingly more transparent, just as transgressions of large multinational corporations are brought to the public’s attention much more frequently (Sinclair, 2012). To thoroughly explore the logistical side of commodity chains, this paper will be examining the example of Apple, the American multinational corporation headquartered in California, which designs, develops and distributes our Apple electronics - our iPhones, iPads, iPods, MacBooks, iMacs – as well as various online services and computer software (Apple Inc., 2014). When it comes to customer service, Apple is a bold innovator – very much leading the industry and forces others to catch up. To Apple’s credit, they have also set an incredibly high standard in their innovative energy-efficient electronic products (in fact, the most

Companies in the U.S are taking full advantage of people in foreign countries as a means to creating profit. Illegal and hazardous products are being shipped overseas, as it is impossible to will the maxim governing their actions as a universal law. U.S companies are not regarding the well being of the consumers, in which case the U.S fails to respect these third world countries as ends and humans of intrinsic worth. Therefore, the company’s actions are morally wrong.

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is the world 's largest retail enterprise, with total revenue of $421.8 billion and a net income of $16.4 billion in 2011. 1 It is also the world 's largest employer, with 2.1 million employees worldwide in 2010 2, not including workers hired by its providers. In my opinion, Wal-Mart provides a clear illustration through which to look at how many multinational companies (MNCs) take part in an illegal and unethical behavior. They use their bargaining power and market control to pressure countries to overlook environmental degradation and violation of national labor laws. They dictate expected pricing for products, particularly through imports from overseas countries. Labor is fulfilled mostly by underage and underpaid employees. In the United States, since 2005, Wal-Mart has paid about $1 billion in damages to U.S. employees in six different cases related to unpaid work. 3 Furthermore, Wal-Mart opposes any form of collective action, even when employees are not seeking unionization, but simply more respect. 4 The fact that Wal-Mart opposes unions exist. The company has a long history of fighting them, to the point of closing stores after employees organize. Managers have been instructed to talk to their teams about why unions are so unwanted in their business. Overseas, the company was involved in a series of scandals, including multiple cases of bribery. In April 2012, The New York Times published a story that

Businesses should have certain ethical guidelines to enforce manufacturers to adhere to or refuse to do business with these manufacturers if certain standards cannot be met. However, the only thing Wal-Mart is interested in is making a profit and apparently at any cost and in any conditions. There should be more follow through with government regulations and importing of said merchandise to discourage such participation in such practices. While other retailers have assisted to make conditions better in finding solutions to make these factories better for their workers and want to contribute financially to improve the environment, “but Wal-Mart declined to participate in the 2011 in relation to the fire related deaths and injuries, because it would increase the company’s cost documented by Senior Official of Bangladesh’s ministry of Labor and Employment” (Sethi).

Today’s consumers also follow the path of these merchants and farmers—the path of ignorance towards humanitarian issues. For example, Apple treats their Chinese laborers not like humans, but like machines, and yet Apple products sell fast and the company has a lot of loyalty. Despite the convenience of Apple products, they are after all just luxurious and inhibit our ability to tackle major problems going on in the world.

Some of these problems in the supply chain often go unnoticed as the number of links between supply network members. Supplier Ethics Management is the “management of suppliers and supply relationships with strategies, programs, and metrics that better align supplier business conduct with purchaser standards, with the goal of reducing the purchaser’s overall risk of corporate integrity failure in the supply chain.“ (www.s-ox.com)

The topic of this paper is business ethics within Gap Inc., a multinational retail – clothing company. The foundation of its corporate ethical approach is summarized in the Code of Conduct . This paper outlines the ethical problems Gap Inc. faced in the last years and more important, the solutions they found in order to remain a successful company. It shows how large companies deal with common issues like child labour and sweatshops.