Aureus: Opportunistic Pathogenesis

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or more commonly, MRSA, is an emerging infectious disease affecting many people worldwide. MRSA, in particular, is a very interesting disease because although many people can be carriers of it, it generally only affects those with a depressed immune system; this is why it is so prevalent in places like nursing homes and hospitals. It can be spread though surgeries, artificial joints, tubing, and skin-to-skin contact. Although there is not one specific treatment of this disease, there are ways to test what antibiotics work best and sometimes antibiotics aren’t even necessary.

In conclusion, the importance of control and prevention in the spread of MRSA cannot be emphasised enough. MRSA clearly

aureus is due to several factors. It is coagulase positive which forms accesses and prevents phagocytosis. It produces several exotoxins that create different responses in the body such as exfoliative toxin which causes scalded skin syndrome and enterotoxin which causes Staphylococcal food poisoning. Exotoxins produced by S. aureus are also responsible for Toxic Shock Syndrome, which is associated with tampon use and wound packing. In general, S. aureus is resistant to penicillin and some strains are resistant to methicillin (MRSA). According to the Minnesota Department of Health, most skin infections caused by S. aureus are self-limiting and do not require antibiotic treatment, but in cases where immunity is suppressed or skin is broken due to surgery or injury, infections may require antibiotic treatment or abscess drainage to prevent more serious infection

The occurrence of hospital acquired infections has become a norm in the health care system. Patients’ experiences of being infected with MRSA at a hospital and subsequently isolated follows 6 patients in their experiences after becoming infected with methicillin- resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in an outbreak in Sweden. MRSA this is a staphylococcus bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin, which was traditionally used to treat it (Vyas, 2015).

S. aureus responsible for 70% skin infection in children, moreover, the incidence of skin infection caused by MRSA is in a continuous increasing (Nataraj et al., 2014). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is gram-negative bacteria, it is classic opportunistic bacteria and are often severe, life-threatening and difficult to treat due to it has an innate resistance to many of antibiotic and disinfection (Bangera D et al., 2015; Wendell Lou B. Ladion et al., 2015). P. aeruginosa recently acquired significant as one of the most important organisms that cause nosocomial infection due to having an ability to survive in hospital environments, in addition, it has the ability to develop resistance against many antimicrobial agents (Nagoba et al., 2013). Wound infection caused by P. aeruginosa rapidly deteriorating and lead to systemic spread and therefore death within days or weeks (Turner et al., 2014). Escherichia coli is gram negative bacteria and considered as a member of the Enterobacteriaceae, it is innocuous resident in a gastrointestinal tract, but at the same time has the ability to cause

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been a type of multidrug resistant organism and staph bacteria known to cause serious infection that can lead to long hospitalizations and death. It can begin as a simple infection on skin or in the lungs, and if left untreated, can lead to traveling to the bloodstream and causing sepsis (“Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 2015”). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 33 percent of individuals carry the staph bacteria intranasally and two percent of individuals carry MRSA (“Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 2015”). Even though this is a serious issue among healthcare settings all over the country, the number of people affected

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is not uncommon in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It is one of the top, most problematic nosocomial infections currently being seen, and battled. A newer strain of MRSA, Community-Associated, is now becoming almost as prevalent as the Healthcare-Associated, and is continuing to grow substantially in number. With Community-Associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) on the rise in the United States, and rapidly gaining on the more common Healthcare Associated MRSA, the need for scientists and doctors to not only define / classify this gram-negative bacteria, but also to learn how it is transmitted, the characteristics promoting its survival, and how to prevent the spread

MRSA can cause a variety of infections ranging from non-invasive skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) (i.e. furuncles, abscesses, and folliculitis) to invasive infections such a bacteremia, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. Historically, MRSA infections have been categorized into two specific types: healthcare-associated (HA-MRSA) and community-associated (CA-MRSA) based on clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory criteria. These definitions have continued to evolve, and now, at least three MRSA categories are accepted which describe the epidemiological etiology of the infection. First,

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a pathogen that causes many complicated health infections in our body. It’s a type of s. aureus bacteria that can produced by process of resistance to many antibiotics such as dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and methicillin. Why is MRSA so dangerous? Its natural ability is to continue transforming in ways to prevent from antibiotic from being completely successful in the batter against MRSA. The US had spent billions of dollar every year into research in order to prevent it from further spreading. In order to do so, we must step up to advance our technology and knowledge to be able to defeat the bacterial warfare. This research will discuss the prevalence and different factors of the disease, it

Staphylococcus Aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that is most commonly responsible for causing staph infections.

Staphylococcus aureus embraces many characteristics which are derived by a variety of test to identify if someone has this certain bacteria. This specific species is recognized by the anaerobic fermentation, beta hemolytic halo, coagulase positive testing, the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test resistance, clumps of gram positive cocci that is identified through the microscope, and the a positive catalase test (Kiser 67-87). First in the series of test was the mannitol salt agar MSA plates, which contains a high concentration of salt (Kiser 73). Staphylococcus aureus tolerates salt and its results give off fermentation of acidic PH (Kiser 74). Next, was to evaluate the blood hemolysis and DNA digestion test. Aureus means “gold” and these two test are useful for further

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (as cited in Upshaw-Owens & Bailey, 2012) MRSA-related infections have risen from 2% of S.aureus infections in 1974 to 64% in 2004. In the United States 46% of S.aureus cases are Methicillin resistant. The rise in infection rates is alarming and

The most pervasive anti-toxin safe disease that must be considered and comprehend in the current world is the "Methicillin-safe Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination". It is caused by a strain of Staphylococcus microbes that have created impervious to the basic anti-microbial for treating ordinary staphylococcic aureus disease. This anti-microbial safe contamination happened in patients living in doctor's facilities. The MRSA disease in the healing centers is caused by utilizing obtrusive gadgets or strategies, for example, intravenous tubing and surgeries.

It is possible that some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can be harmless, and yet others can be deadly due to being resistant to treatment drugs against this illness such as the case for growing MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) which can lead to death from acquiring it at a hospital or infected member of the community as a potentially hidden murderer. For example, this was the case for Madeline, a seven week-old baby, that was diagnosed with sepsis as well as a virulent pneumonia is ruining her young lung that is hazardously decreasing her oxygen level, regardless of the most powerful antibiotics constructed to impede this sickness being administered to her.

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.