Australia and Oceania.

According to the 2001 census Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people represent only 0.2% of the population in

After too many years, when the Australian government decided to grant Aboriginal people with fully rights of freedom again in their country, the number of indigenous people in Australia jumped an amazingly 33 per cent from the 1991 to 1996 census. final

On the 1st of January 1901, six British colonies were legalised by the British parliament to govern as a part of the Australian Federation. With the legalisation of unification also held the birth of national independence of Australia. Under a federal system, powers were divided between a central government and several regional governments. Power was divided between the federal government and the governments of the six colonies, which were renamed 'states' by the Constitution. One of the first pieces of legislation passed in the new Federal Parliament was the Immigration Restriction Act. Now known as the infamous White Australia Policy. This immigration restriction made it significantly difficult for Asians and Pacific Islanders to migrate to Australia.

Australia…The Lucky Country, or so they thought. This act was racial, Australia were trying to create a white utopia, a paradox forged against the odds. Modern Australia is a multicultural Country, however, this wasn’t the plan, over 100 years ago, an act was put into place to create a White society. This was infuriating for the non – white and non – Europeans. This was called the Immigration Restriction act which is now known as the White Australian Policy (WAP). This changed the race of Australia’s face. In modern day Australia over 22 million people now live in this beautiful Country that has an equal society.

WWII had a big impact on the social changes in Australia before and after the war. One of the reasons it had such an impact on Australia was due to the immigration policy, which was made to increase Australia’s population. The immigration policy is a policy on legal migrants. Legal migrants who come to Australia under the migration act are non – Australians who come to the country for work or other reasons without permission or people who overstay their visas. This enforces that those who come in the country without permission may be subject to mandatory immigration detention and may be deported from the country at any time, unless been given permission to stay in Australia. This policy has contributed to the multicultural society of Australia today. To this day, there in an estimated 50 000 people who have overstayed their visas, most of these people come from British nations. Those touching base by boat or different means without official classification as refugees are no longer granted permission outcast status on landing. For example, those from an Asian background are becoming a more familiar part of Australia’s society today. Overseas migrant entries have assumed a vital part in changing the face of Australia. The current variety of migrants born in Australia include areas such as The United Kingdom, New Zealand, Italy, Vietnam, China, Greece, Germany, Philippines and India. Since the change in immigration policy in the late 1960s to one of non-discrimination on race or ethnic background, there has been a significant change in the overseas sources of migrants, with settlers arriving from more diverse regions of the world. To this day, Australia’s overseas born population consists of people who practise over 140 recognized ethnic groups, people who fluently speak over 90 different languages and people who believe in over 80 different religions. This expanding ethnic and social diversity has changed the way Australians view both themselves and other societies of the world. It has

Profile of indigenous people in Australia: The Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islanders are the indigenous populations of Australia and they consist of hundreds of different sub-groups, each having their own distinct languages, history and cultures. They are spread out across Australia in urban areas, remote villages, outskirts of the central desert and most tropical regions. The Australian Government identifies indigenous people as being of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Island origins and the indigenous people identify themselves as such or of both origins. The estimate population of indigenous people is around 670,000 across Australia, which consists of about 3 percent of the total population of Australia, as of 2011 according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics. About 90% of the indigenous people identify themselves as Aboriginals, while just 6% identify as Torres Strait Islanders and the remaining 4% as both. The indigenous population is much younger as compared to the non-indigenous population, mainly because of the high death rates correspondingly high birth rates. The fertility among indigenous

Australia is a very culturally diverse country, meaning that it consists of many cultures and ethnicities from around the world. This diversity is mostly due to immigration,

Archaeologists believe that aboriginals first came to Australia about 45, 000 years ago and were the only population of humans in Australia until the British invasion. There are about 500 different aboriginal groups each with their own language and territory and usually made up of several separate clans. The aboriginals of Australia are marginalised in today society. This marginalisation began right back during the British invasion where they were evicted from their own country, the stolen generation occurred and their health care, education, employment and housing was severely limited. Aboriginals generally live in poor conditions and choose unhealthy lifestyle choices

Australia is a unique country, and it has a long history of population growth due to

Essay: Federation of Australia By Tristan Scheirs

Defence
A very important reason why Australia decided to become a nation (having a federal government) was because of an inadequate defence force. Each of the six colonies in Australia had their own military force. But when it came to patrolling the extensive Australian coastline, they had to rely on the British navy to fulfil that task. Due to there being a number of countries such as Germany, France, and Russia who had colonised parts of the Pacific, there was a growing fear that one of them could have attacked Australia. There was a report released by British Major - General Sir J Bevan Edwards in 1889, states the individual colonies of Australia did not have enough soldiers,

Indigenous populations have been the carers and custodians of Australia and the Torres Strait for a period in excess of 60,000 years before being

As a result of the war, 2 million Indochinese citizens became refugees, fleeing from Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam for political, religious and economic reasons, due to the rise of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. Nearly 140,000 of them were Vietnamese, who fled their country in the years after 1975, 55 000 of them came as refugees between 1975 and 1982, while 95 000 came through family reunion (an initiative set up by the government to keep families together). The White Australia Policy and the fear of Asian communism, with their discriminatory impacts had been abolished and Australia began to accept Asian migrants and political refugees after realising their vital link to Australia, the enormous trade opportunities and the declining links to Britain. By 1985, Asian–born Australians made up 2% of the population, which by 2005 had increased to nearly 7%. In 1977, multiculturalism became a firm government policy, giving funding and licences to foreign language radio stations and starting language schools for the new immigrants. By the 1980s, newspapers in Australia were being printed in over 100 different languages. The 2011 Census indicated that 185,000 people born in Vietnam were residents in Australia and 219,000 people spoke Vietnamese at home. Australia has also adopted many traditional Asian customs, including celebrating Chinese

Australia is a settler nation which is now made up of many ethnic groups who share similar cultural traditions, common language, shared history and a shared identity (ABS, 2016). These groups contribute to what is referred to multiculturalism. Australia has a higher proportion of people born overseas than the US, Canada and the UK, with 49% of Australia’s population (or a parent) being born overseas (Census of Population and Housing, 2016). Compared to other Western nations, Australia has one of the most diverse immigration populations (Collins, 2013, p. 145). The meaning of multiculturalism in Australia has changed significantly over time. Today, Australia is a culturally and ethnically diverse country and therefore is a multicultural society. In terms of public policy, multiculturalism can be defined as policies and practices implemented by the Australian government that aim to manage cultural diversity to benefit the whole of society (Department of Social Services, 2014). Although Australia is a multicultural society, there are criticisms of public policy surrounding multiculturalism.

Australia’s population is culturally and ethnically diverse. As at June 2010, there were 22.3 million residents in Australia, around one-quarter of the population was born overseas and many residents who were born in Australia have a parent who was born in another country. Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders represent 2.3% of the population

X-Stream was founded in Auckland, New Zealand by CEO Gil Reihana at the young age of 25. He began with three-hundred thousand dollars that he had inherited along with money he had convinced other family members to invest. This company that started out as assembling personal computers, grew to specializing in web design and consultation on the various applications they offered to the consumers living in New Zealand and Australia; they did this through chair stores and independent retailers. X-Stream had quickly become known for the customization of their products, the quality of their hardware, extraordinary delivery times, and excellent services after the sales were completed.