Australia 's Health Care System

The health care system varies from country to country although a factor they all have in common is that great measures of research are taken in order to find results and achieve a good health care system for the economy. Between Australia and japan, there are great initiatives taken to help in association to this, including economic, social and political circumstances, all influencing the way in which the countries health care system is shaped and run.

The Australian healthcare system has been evolving since the beginning of the colonisation of Australia. Today, Australia has an extremely efficient healthcare system although it still has several issues. The influencing factors, structure, and current issues of the Australian healthcare system will be throughly discussed and explained in this essay.

The healthcare system in Australia is complex involving many funders and healthcare providers. In 2011 to 2012 the health expenditure in Australia was estimated to have been $140.2 billion, which made up 9.5 percent of gross domestic product in that year (AIHW, 2013). Responsibilities are split between different levels of government, and between the government and non-government sectors. With non-government sources funding for about 30 percent of the total health expenditure each year (AIHW, 2013). Australians make their contribution to their healthcare system through taxes, including the Medicare levy, and through private financing such as private health insurance. Private health insurance in Australia is a voluntary facility for private funding of hospital care and ancillaries. Insurance funds may cover the costs of treatment for private patients in private or public hospitals and can include some services that Medicare does not cover. The Australian governments fund for almost 70 percent of the health expenditure each year (AIHW, 2013). The federal government contributes to approximately two-thirds, while State, Territory and local governments together contribute for the other one-third (AIWH, 2013). As a generalization the Australian government is primarily responsible for the funding of healthcare, through health insurance arrangements and direct payments to the state and territories, while state and territories are primarily responsible

The following paper is based on the differences between two healthcare systems in two different countries, these systems are the Australian healthcare system which is Medicare, and England’s National health system which is known as the NHS.

The Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system based on universal principles of access and equity. In this essay I will discuss the historical evolution and current structure of our health system, identifying current health service models of delivery and look at its strengths, weaknesses, policies and health priorities currently in Australia. I will discuss the roles of government and non-government health services in service provision and funding sources of Australian health. We will get a better insight of the role of standards for residential aged care and look into a broad range of professions that consumers may engage with in health service delivery, their roles and functions of each profession.

This essay will discuss the structure of Australia’s healthcare system, known as Medicare. It will also discuss the role of the Government and Non-Government agencies, and Medicare’s strengths and weaknesses. It will also address the health and illness issues that aboriginal and people from overseas face, and also the significance of implementing best practice and quality management

“The Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system based on universal principles of access and equity”.

al., 2011). Health service accessibility by individuals in rural and remote areas is a problem central to both countries. Reports indicate that compared with metropolitan populations, non-metropolitan populations, in both Australia and the UK, experience poor access to health services (Watt, Franks, Sheldon, 1994, p. 16). As in the primary care sector of the UK, majority of the doctors in Australia are self-employed and reimbursed on a fee-for-service approach (Gillies, 2003, p. 77). GP’s are the initial point of contact for patients in both Australia and the UK. Additional specialist medical services such as physiotherapy and optometry are only available when patients are provided with a formal referral from their GPs (Piterman, Koritsas, 2005). Although the NHS is similar to the Australian health system in certain ways, both systems also possess some differences.

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Throughout this essay an evaluation will be deducted on the health inequalities among Australians. Secondly, a further evaluation to appraise and identify the causes, scope and impact on the health and well-being of [the] individual (s), families and community. Thirdly, describe the paradigms and accountabilities that Government and non-Government Organisations [NGO] assume across community services and health sectors to improve the health and wellbeing of Australians. Additionally, reviewing the over-all health and wellbeing issues from service- operators and counselors to assist in the ongoing [future] development of better health-care for Australians. Finally, differentiate professional practices and reactions to appropriated community

The Australian government realized that there is something different about rural health that requires special actions. This realization was the reason for the development of rural health policies. The aim of the policies is to insure ‘equivalent’ access to good health and health care for people in rural places. The implementation of this policies was highly challenged by different factors including political and community reactions and therefore the outcome of the policy is affected also (Farmer & Currie, 2009) .

Australia's human services framework is given by both private and government foundations. Medicare is the openly subsidized all inclusive social insurance framework in Australia and was established in 1984. While in 1978 Italy's legislature set up the SSN (servizio sanitario nazionale) which is the Italian adaptation of a national wellbeing administration. Australia's Medicare is subsidized halfway by a 2% toll (with exemptions for low salary workers), an extra demand of 1% is forced on high wage workers without private wellbeing protection. While Italy's SSN medicinal services spending is responsible for 9.2% of GDP in 2012 of this around 77% is open. Italy is positioned the second best social insurance framework on the planet after France.

Key Historical, Key political and Key socio-cultural influence that have shaped healthcare access in contemporary Australian society.

The Commonwealth funds the Australian health insurance policy and it allows the Australian population to receive free hospital services from the public hospital (Aihw.gov.au. 2016). The Medibank started in Australia, in the year 1975 under the Whitlam Labour Government, first introduced the Medicare policy of Australia. Before the Medibank was set up in Australia, in the year 1974, Medibank legislation was passed in the same year. The “Health Insurance Bill” that helped in establishing the Medibank was passed in the year 1973, although it was not the only bill that helped in establishing the Medibank but there are several other bills as well that helped in establishing it (Boxall and Gillespie, 2013). The other bills that accompanied the

This assessment explores the changing nature and role of Medicare in Australia. It examines the health provisions available to Australian’s under this scheme and then compares this with the current health system in the US. This comparison reveals the importance of having universal health care and highlights the problems which would arise if changes to Australia’s system were made.