Blick and his team set out to observe Australian Mistletoe and their interaction with their hosts. They look to evaluate three hypothesis created around Mistletoe and their hosts; to see if their interactions were structured or random, if mistletoe leaves mimicked their hosts leaves and final to see if the phenotypic similarities between hosts and the mistletoes I identify the interaction network. To do this the team observed several native, Lauranthaceaous mistletoes and their hosts and quantified the mistletoe and hosts leave’s size, shape, and color to determine a pattern. The results the team found were inconclusive in identifying patterns of the mistletoes mimicking their host. Due to the lack of results, the team to conclude that they do not mimic their hosts. Sangüesa-Barreda, G., et al. 2013. Drought and mistletoe reduce growth and water-use efficiency of scots pine. Forest Ecology and Management, vol. 296:64–73. …show more content…
The team wanted to look at the health of trees following a drought to determine if this had an effect on the amount of dwarf mistletoe trees and the effect the mistletoe itself had on the tree. To do this they took two sample plots of dead and living trees and looked at the diameter breast height as well as the amount of mistletoes on the trees. They found that more pines died having a higher concentration of dwarf mistletoe on them over a range of diameters. However due to the way they set up their experiment they couldn’t directly find the causes of death for the trees, and thus couldn’t conclude it was the mistletoe killing them. However all dead trees were found to have some amount of Dwarf Mistletoe on
It would be a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for me to not only witness the laying of the wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier but to participate in this extremely important ceremony. This experience would be invaluable. Located in the most honored cemetery in the country, this tomb is visited by the President himself, who often attends to participate in the Wreath Ceremony. The Wreath Ceremony represents the beauty and shortness of life and recalls memories of the unknown. The tomb represents about 95,000 American soldiers. However, unlike their fellow soldiers, these fallen soldiers from World Wars I and II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War remain unrecognized, which is engraved the tomb: “Here rests in honored glory an American soldier known but to God.” Our inability to recognize these soldiers individually does not decrease our respect for them in any way. Instead, it magnifies the soldiers’ loyalty to our country and their mission: freedom for all.
Gene Denning, an employee of Welco Lumber Company, decided to run a study by videotaping a sample size of 365 logs being processed. However, actual data provided proved that it was a true sample size of only 362 logs, as data for logs # 30, 123, and 127 are missing from his report. He videotaped 3 operators, April, Sid, and Jim, marking the logs, how each log was broken down and the degree to which the cants were properly centered. Gene then did a comparison of what the cost was of the log in its current condition (actual value), to what would have been the correct value of the log if the cut had been
Similar information has been explored in different studies. A previous study conducted showed that trees with smaller DBHs and greater canopy coverage allowed for an increase in species richness (Rannius T 2000). Furthermore, researchers have found that saplings across different species like the sugar maple exhibit greater growth in open canopies than saplings that are in closed canopies (Canndam C. 1998). Although these studies are important, the relationship between canopy size and DBH is still yet to be explored. In response to this lack of knowledge, we have conducted a study to further explore this correlation. Our hypothesis is that the larger the DBH size, the greater the amount of canopy coverage in a given area for the tree being studied.
The scenario for this case study is that you notice that the grass around my house is brown, short, and dead. The grass around my neighbor's house is green, tall, and alive. Utilizing my understanding of the Scientific Method, my intent is to explain what the problem is to develop a hypothesis. After developing the hypothesis I will then design and perform an experiment to test my hypothesis; analyze my data and reach conclusions regarding my hypothesis. I will
When Odysseus tells his version of his travels with the Phaeacians, Odysseus gives a very detailed account of his confrontation with the Cicones. This story includes how upon his return from the Trojan War, Odysseus raids Ismarus, the land of the Cicones, along with his crew. To the surprise of Odysseus, the Cicones retaliated with a very robust fighting force, a force that was much more powerful than Odysseus’s crew. Odysseus characterizes this fighting force as too strong to be human, and thus deduced them to be godlike beings. When Odysseus recounts this story, he states “Fresh from the horizon they advanced - charging as packed as flowers in the spring … Zeus had given us disaster, my comrades and I damned to suffer punishment after punishment”
The birds were singing a melancholic tune. But off by the distance, a Red Maple was working. Photosynthesizing in the sun was a young Red Maple. As the it is photosynthesizing, it is contributing to the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle is essential to the Red Maple’s life to which it is the source of its food and life. Then came a strong gust of wind that made its leaves surfing in the air. As the gust of wind passes, a bag is caught on its branch. As if the wind was a messenger, the tree knew what was coming.
The Wollemi Pine is a unique,, cone-bearing tree that grows to 40m in height it also has a very long life time. This species is often multi-stemmed and have a diameter of up to 1.2 m at breast height Bark is thin, it is fragile and densely covered with dark brown spongy, slightly cushioned tubercles, which looks similar to black Branches are arranged in continuous whorls which extend from the main stem. The side branches terminate in a cone. Wollemi Pine is most commonly located in western Sydney at the Wollemi National Park (NP) with a population of fewer than 100 adult trees in multiple stands and about 200–300 seedlings in total from within the Wollemi National Park, it Is considered an endangered species.
forests experience mild summers and winters with temperatures varying from -30° C to 30° C. Because of seasons of winter, spring, summer and fall, precipitation occurs primarily in the form of rainfall and snow of 75-150 cm annually. Temperate forests are the world’s
To use forests for their lumber and other natural resources, it is important to not only be informed on managing it, but it is also important to know what goes on naturally inside the forests. One of these natural phenomena are actually the threats to the forests themselves and how they can be affected by them. Canada has one-tenth of the world's forest and about 50,000 hectares of this is untouched (Dearden and Mitchell, 2016, P.287). With that, it also has one-third of the world's boreal forest as well (P.287). The chosen topic of this paper is Natural threats to Canadian forests. The specific situation chosen is how the climate change affects the natural threats to the Canadian boreal forests. The topic was chosen because it is relevant
In 1998, the US Forest Service sent a team to figure out why a lot of trees were dying in the Malheur National Forest in east Oregon. They determined the area that was affected. They also took a little over 100 samples of the dead and dying trees. The tests revealed that the trees
Our forests are extremely vital and important to our world and society. They supply us with oxygen and other essiential human needs. However, the number of trees in our forests has been decreasing at an alarming rate due to human interaction and other factors. There have been desperate attempts in order to increase the number of trees in our forests as well. Scientists have experimented with biotechnology in order to test factors that affect trees. In this paper, I will review loblolly pines, and mountain pine beetles, and discuss which will have more of an effect on the number of trees in our forests.
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the
As stated earlier Virginia pine was once considered a weedy species with no economic value. As management, technology, and a greater understanding of the forest ecosystem so did the view point on Virginia pine’s economical uses. Virginia pine is now considered a valuable tree species with many uses such as wildlife habitat, Christmas tree production, wood uses, reclaimed areas, etc. (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). According to research done on the behavior of woodpeckers in forested stands, such as Virginia pine, it was found that the forest stands contribute to woodpecker habitat and that they need proper management to keep providing habitat in the future (Crawford and Conner 1974). A key feature of Virginia pine is that as the tree ages it is prone to wood softening due to fungal decay (Carter and Snow Jr. 1990). This allows the woodpeckers to create nesting habitat within the trees bole. Another aspect of Virginia pine is that it provides a source of food to many bird species, including woodpeckers. As insects drill into the bark of the tree resin is released trapping the insects allowing the birds to eat right off the tree (Crawford and Conner 1974). Virginia pine is also important for browse by deer and rabbits. A study was in in 1970 to determine the caloric intake of Virginia pine at different times in the season, the trees age, and even position in the stand (Madgwick 1970). It was found that the caloric values increased in new shoots, needles, and cones
Another qualitative observation made was that the grass grew slanted and towards the sun. A quantitative observation we made was that the grass with 1 tsp. and 2 tsp. of fertilizer had 7 strands of grass growing in the cup. Our hypothesis was not supported, we said that the 1 tsp. would grow the tallest, when in reality the cup without any fertilizer grew the tallest most healthiest grass. We think it was because the fertilizer that we used needed a bit more time to activate, not just a week or two. One uncertainty were that in our next experiment we would have liked to have more time for the plants to grow. Another uncertainty was that we only did one of each amount of fertilizer, which could make the results less accurate. Some questions that we have wondered throughout this experience is, “what if we use the same amount of fertilizer on other types of plants?” and “I wonder if other people have done this experiment before, and what were their results?”. In our next experiment we plan to use different types of fertilizers and plants, so we can see how they are affected as well. Society can benefit from this experiment in many ways, one way is people learned how much fertilizer is really needed for grass, instead of just looking at
Does the death penalty solve all the problems of the world? Can this be the best way to punish the ones who have disobeyed the law? The death penalty is used to punish criminals’ execution style that are ordered by the capital. As some supporters believe that death penalty deters the amount of crime as it puts the fear in the criminals, it’s not always the right thing to do. I contend that life in prison is far worse than the death penalty as capital punishment does not deter crime, it costs a lot and doesn’t give the criminal time to think of his mistakes.