Essay about Australian Tariffs

Structural Change and Australian Economy Structural change is the change in the pattern of production in an economy as certain products, processes of production and industries disappear and are replaced by others. The past century has seen the relative decline of agricultural and manufacturing industries, and the rise of services and new technology sectors. Structural change can be caused by a wide range of economic influences including changes in the pattern of consumer demand and technological change. The speed of structural change depends on the ability of an economy or industry to adjust quickly. People's natural resistance to change and government regulation often impedes the process of

This essay has outlined all the current positive aspects of Australian society, but we need to address the future and the sustainability of our environment for our grandchildren. The federal government is addressing this issue by introducing a carbon-trading scheme. This carbon trading scheme, where the tax on carbon producing goods and services go into a positive influence on the environment, for example planting trees. The Australian government is following leads by other countries in this circumstance.

The Commonwealth of Australia is both a representative democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as Australia 's head of state. (How government works, 2016). Since the 1990s globalization has gained widespread currency in Australia on a social, economic, political and cultural level. (Holmes, 2012, p. 340) Laws and politics have an influence on Australia’s economic system, which is capitalism and socialism. (Political Economy, n.d.) Analysis of political and economic approaches by government can add insight into the flow on effects on a community and its individual.

Before reading the paper, I had no idea what “horizontal equity” and “vertical equity” were. These terms were described in detail at the beginning of the paper and allowed me to more thoroughly understand the key points that the authors made. When explaining how certain parts of the Australian tax system function, the authors made analogies to compare the tax system in Australia to that of other countries, such as the United States. However, some words and terms that the authors used were not clearly defined in the text. Luckily, I have had experience with some of the vocabulary words that the author used, such as "tax burden” and "progressive income tax system". Although, When it came to terms like “marginal income tax”, I had to do further background research so that I could gain an in-depth understanding of what the authors were saying. The authors state, "at the end of 2012, the marginal income tax rate for a person on average weekly earnings had risen to 37%". This left me wondering what marginal income tax is, and why Australia’s marginal income tax had fluctuated so much; neither of these items were explained in the paper. I believe that an average reader, with very little tax or business knowledge, would be unfamiliar with a large majority of these terms. If I were the authors, I would more clearly define the terms that I commonly used throughout the

rise Australia's efficiency and add to higher GDP growth by sanctioning domestic businesses admittance to inexpensive inputs, leading innovative technologies, and nurturing competition and advancement

In September 11th- A National Tragedy, James Peck writes about how the tragic event, September 11th has affected our world today. Peck states that tragedy is a word that has commonly been overused by Americans throughout news articles and magazines when a significant event happens. When referring to September 11th, the crashing of the twin towers, this is a tragic event.

The years immediately following the War of 1812 saw a growing spirit of nationalism throughout the country. The rapid expansion of that period added 6 more states: Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, Illinois, and Alabama. In addition, strong new leaders of the time were added, such as John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay of Kentucky, and John C. Calhoun. Henry Clay called nationalism the “American System.”

Commonwealth Government, Budget Paper No 3: Australia’s Federal Relations, 2009-10, 12 May 2009, p 7.

Increased government revenue will be reallocated into infrastructure such as roads. This will lead to increased employment, which will help Australia achieve its economic objectives. Weaknesses of the deficit levy reside in the circular flow of income, reducing economic activity from higher income earners. An increase in leakages within the flow will decrease aggregate income and the general level of economic activity. Further cause risk of disequilibrium within the circular flow of income and disrupting economic growth.

Many products we use today are made in China. Trade between Australia and China has heightened in the last couple of years. China has one of the world’s largest economies. It has an increasing role in shaping the world economy, accounting for a third of the increase in the world’s gross domestic product and imports for the period 2000 to 2003 (The Economist 2004). It is also home to a population of 1.3 billion inhabitants, consuming a variety of goods from food items to luxury commodities, toys, clothing, gifts, most car parts and many more things Australia benefits from. For non-agricultural goods, Australian import tariffs are generally low. The most notable exceptions are on motor vehicles and textiles, clothing and footwear imports.

The industrial revolution made a change will remain almost forever. There is a revolution that has produced since it appeared a split between developed countries and undeveloped countries. It means that all this century the developed countries were the main economic leaders in the contemporary world. However, all this explanation looks like an old concept. Nowadays all over the world are looking how Australia’s emblematic car factory as Holden with more than 150 in the market with Ford and Toyota also are facing their closures. It is incredible that almost one century ago the best automotive brands run their business in this country, which the automobile industries meant develop capacity in most of the countries, and now in this country, these brands are closing. Furthermore, Australian Government has produced in his decision to stop and

Australia has several ties with other countries. These ties are established in several ways, one of which is through trade. The nature of trade includes exporting and importing goods and services which form trade links with partner countries. Trade comes with its advantages and disadvantages. Australia also takes part in multilateral agreements, such as APEC, to be able to strengthen trade links.

We have all heard this joke. Only now the horse has been replaced with consumers of steel in the US steel industry. Why? Many companies in our economy that use steel as an input to produce their goods are staggering due to recent extraordinarily high steel prices. President Bush dropped a tariff on imported steel on Thursday March 4th; according to basic economics, this cancellation of the steel import tariff should have dropped the price for US domestic consumers. Unfortunately though, that hasn't happened. Steel prices are currently at record highs and many forecast even higher prices to come. This puts huge pressure on small businesses that are dependent on steel for their well being. With higher prices

In Australia, there is an emerging consensus that the government should take further actions to help mitigate and combat climate change. The current most accepted policy by government is the introduction of a carbon tax followed by an ETS in 2015. However we are focusing on the carbon tax in this essay and not the ETS. Here is a brief explanation of the dynamics of a carbon tax. A carbon tax is a tax on energy sources, which emit carbon dioxide (Co2). Therefore, carbon taxes address the problem of negative externality. Externalities are the subsequent effects when individual production or consumption of a particular good or service imposes costs or benefits on others. Therefore negative externalities are effects, which pose harm to others without their direct interaction (Basic Economics 2011). However, usual market practices and transactions do not reflect these cost and benefits in the prices involved in the transaction, or take into account in their transaction decision. Therefore this is a form of market failure. By imposing a cost on these negative externalities, the hidden cost can be addressed. Ultimately the purpose of a carbon tax is to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and therefore reduce

In February 2011, the Australian federal government declared a scheme to implement a Carbon Tax from July 1, 2012. Implementing this scheme has generated a controversial debate between Australians. The term “Carbon tax” refers to an environmental tax forcing polluters to pay per ton of carbon which they release into the atmosphere. This essay will provide the economical, social and political implication of carbon taxes, also with its introduction who will benefit and who would suffer.