Autism Ethical Issues

The researchers looked over the health records of 95,727 children, including more than 15,000 children unvaccinated at age 2 and more than 8,000 still unvaccinated at age 5. 2,000 of these children were considered at risk for autism because they were born into families that already had a child with the disorder.The study looked at the autism rates and MMR vaccination at ages 2, 3, 4 and 5 years olds. It showed no increase in Autism in any age. Autism rates we surprisingly lower in vaccinated

Many believe the measles mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine triggers autism spectrum disorder in some children. Many Hollywood celebrities in the acting community that have birthed children that suffer from autism spectrum disorder have concluded that this is how their child developed autism. These celebrities being very vocal about this link between vaccinations and autism spectrum disorders and have in turn influenced the increase in many ordinary middle-class parents refraining from getting the medically recommended vaccinations for their children. The medical community has done extensive research on this theory. However, to this date no reliable study shows a link between autism spectrum disorder and the measles mumps-rubella vaccine. In fact, the medical community have continued to recommend childhood vaccinations and continue to emphasis the danger of a non vaccinated child catching and spreading serious diseases like whooping cough (pertussis), measles and mumps (Mayo Clinic, 2012).

Every parent wants to do the best they can, and when things don't go as planned, they question if their parenting skills are good enough. When Heather found out her children both had Autism, she would compare them to others, knowing they would never be normal; always questioning why, and how they acquired this disorder. When her daughter reached the age of eight she stopped showing signs of Autism. Autism affects all autistic children in different ways. In this essay, I plan to research and find out more about Autism, the signs and symptoms and different spectrums of it, and if vaccinations cause Autism. This relates to my senior project, because I will be hosting a fundraiser for Autism and raising money to donate to the Rich

Based on the case study, Sara has many elements and character traits that can identify with her diagnosis of autism. I do strongly believe Sara diagnosis is appropriate and in line with IDEA definition and the revised criteria for ASD in the DSM-5.

In the past couple of years controversy over immunizations has become a large debate in society. Many parents have come to the belief that if their child is given vaccinations their chance of getting autism spectrum disorder increases; therefore they choose not to vaccinate their child. However, evidence has show that vaccines have no correlation with autism spectrum disorder. A meta-analysis conducted of five cohort and five case studies found no evidence for the link between vaccinations and the subsequent risk of developing autism spectrum disorder (Taylor, Swerdfeger, & Eslick, 2014). The cohort study consisted of 1,256,407 children and the case studies consisted of a total of 9,920 children (Taylor, Swerdfeger, & Eslick, 2014).

     Autism is a developmental disability that affects all areas of behavior and perception. Approximately 10 out of every 10,000 children are diagnosed with autism and four out of five are males. Autism is the third most common developmental disability, more common than Down Syndrome. Children with Autism are characterized by impairment in several areas of development such as: Cognitive, Language, Play/Socialization skills and exhibit many challenging behaviors. Behavior Patterns of Autism:

Autism is a brain disorder that is characterized by slow and difficult comprehension of spoken and non-verbal communication and repetition of behaviors. Autism is normally noticed in the first two years of a child (Myers & Johnson, 2007). Asperger syndrome is an autistic disorder that has almost the same similarities with autism. People with Asperger syndrome have little comprehension of the world and its surroundings and poor communication with other people. People with Asperger syndrome are hard to recognize, as they do not show on their outward appearances. They are average or above average intellectually and have fewer problems in terms of speech and specific learning disabilities unlike in autism. These difficulties include dyslexia, epilepsy, and attention

References Altern, J. (2006). Abnormally High Plasma Levels of Vitamin 6 in Children with Autism Not Taking Supplements Compared to Controls not Taking Supplements. US National Library of Medicine. National Institute of Health. Complement Med, 12 (1), 59-63.

The research has major significance to nursing practice. Nurses are in the forefront of the healthcare field. This unique position grants access to a variety of individuals coming from different backgrounds, with different health issues. One of the potential issues could be a parent who refuses to vaccinate their child out of the fear of it causing autism. Although the nurse’s role is not to force parents

Doctor Andrew Wakefield’s study, published the 28th of February, 1998 in the scientific magazine The Lancet, is constantly cited as being the catalyst for the ongoing debate on whether or not vaccinations have any connections to autism. In the case of Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s study on the connections between autism and the M.M.R. (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, proper scientific experimental procedures were not seen to, such as his not including a control group. That is to say, in an act transgressing scientific integrity, he documented the cases

Autism is a subject need to be study in cooperation with care givers, doctors and school. Autism is developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. My research paper is about autism which is a disease that affects our children communication skills and learning development. Children and young adult who have been diagnosed with autism are more likely to be alone. Also it can reflect on the family relationships, but there are several ways to control a child who has ASD. We can see now many of families have a child or two with kind of autism in most of the state of America. Autism disorder is kind of desired effects children as early as 2 years old. It is effect their behavioral

One subject that has been very controversial for many years is the role of vaccinations causing Autism spectrum disorder in children. Since Eric Gallup was a healthy baby until he received was his first measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination in 1986. His parent noticed his behavior and ability to communicate after took the vaccinated. Eric had a serious reaction to the vaccine, according to his parent. In the year of 1989, he was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Eric Gallup’s parents developed a hypothesis that childhood vaccine was responsible for Eric's autism spectrum disorder.

In the past two decades or so, autism has changed from being a condition nobody had even heard about to widely recognized mental health condition. Due to widespread use of internet, social media and smartphones everybody knows something about autism. Just searching for autism in Google brings up more than 68 million results. Autism has become a matter of passionate national debate among different stake holders such as government, public health agencies, mental health associations, non-profit organizations, parents of autistic people and public in general. After the Affordable Care Act was signed into a law in 2010, there has been a renewed interest in autism with different groups wanting to include mandatory coverage for autism in the health insurance plans. The Affordable Care Act provides health care services to more Americans and access to preventive services at no additional cost which includes screening for autism for children at ages 18 and 24 months. After the Affordable Care Act, health insurance companies/plans cannot limit or deny coverage to anyone due to any pre-existing health conditions. 1

Autistic infants often show little or no interest in other people and lack typical social behaviors. For example, they may not smile at their mother's voice or make eye contact with caregivers. Autistic children fail to develop normal relationships with their parents, brothers or sisters, and other children. Often they seem unaware of the needs and feelings of other people, and may not respond if another person is hurt or in distress. They also fail to make friends.

This was a retrospective cohort study that used a commercial health insurance carrier that reviewed claims information The hypothesis of this study was to review and compare the MMR occurrence among children with older siblings with and without the autism. The methods of this article were clearly stated and the population was defined with the specific inclusion criteria. This study was reliable and valid as the children needed to be enrolled with the insurance carrier on a continuous basis for a specific length of time to be included in the study. The researchers also used claims data to determine if there were older sibling that had autism and to validate the diagnosis there needed to be at least two claims submitted with an autism diagnosis