Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )

Autism Spectrum Disorders are developmental disabilities with lifelong effects for the person. They are characterized by the repetitive behaviors exhibited by the client with social and communication deficits as well. Clients with ASDs have unusual abilities to learn, they struggle with paying attention and may react inappropriately with extreme tantrums to different sensations. ASDs include and are not limited to autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, atypical autism and Asperger disorder. Research of autism has been tracked by the Centers of Disease Control for prevalence since 1996, however tracking of developmental disabilities began in the 1980s.

We do however have multiple factors that play a part in determining whether or not a child could potentially have ASD. While it used to be widely accepted that vaccines caused autism, that theory has since been debunked. It is generally agreed that it is cause by abnormalities in brain functions or structure. There is a difference in brain shape between children with ASD and neurotypical children according to brain scans. It is also widely accepted that genetics play a part in whether or not a child will have autism spectrum disorder. There are no tests that can determine whether or not a child will have ASD. Only specially trained physicians and psychologists can administer what is called autism-specific behavior

According to Shattock and Savery in their work “Autism as a Metabolic Disoder” they assert that autism continues to be a disorder that has no etiology; meaning there is no a comprehensive study that explains the origin and causes that can be linked to the disorder (as cited in Evans, et al., 2008). This claim is based on the findings that were established in 1998 at Sunderland university UK. Howver, in a recent findings, a number of factors have been

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

There are a lot of controversial theories about what is causing autism. The organization Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), this group has a movement called Defeat Autism Now (DAN). Through this movement, a lot of professionals and families who have children with autism unite to work together to see if they can find different theories of what is

There are reported to be "no definitive causes of autism, research has found some common risk factors in children who have been diagnosed with this complex disorder. According to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 in 150 children will have autism and that number is growing." (p.1) Research is reported to have found a causal

Autism has become an increasingly important public health concern as the number of yearly diagnoses of the disorder has increased since the late 20th century. The National Institute of Health estimates that 1 in 88 children in the United States are classified as having an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (NINDS, 2009), a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs children 's ability to learn and causes issues with social interaction and communication. Symptoms of ASD include delays in speech and language, issues with social interaction, and unusual behaviors/routines.

Over the years, more people are becoming aware of Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD. The growing number of individuals who are affected by ASD have been increasing over the years. This could be do to the new DSM development of what is considered ASD or simply more children are being born with ASD. Either way, ASD is more predominate in our society today. ASD is defined in the DSM 5 as having abnormal social aspects, lack of social skills, non-verbal communications skills, deficits in development, lack of understanding of relationships, and self-stimulation through repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although these are not all of the symptoms caused by ASD

ASD also known as Autism spectrum disorder or simply Autism is a disorder that is very common in children especially in male children and it is known to that mainly affect the behavior, ability to communicate with others, ability to interact socially with others and level of interest to things of people.

According to the 2014 estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 68 children have been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); a rate that has been steadily growing over the past 20 years (National Autism Association, 2015). Increases in reported frequencies for ASD are most likely due to a combination of factors including broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness as well as a true increase in the number of people with ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Autism it self does not effect life expectancy and, in general, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can expect to live as long as the non-cognitively impaired population (National Autism Association,

Each year, more than 200,000 people are diagnosed with the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the U.S. ASD or Autism can be characterized as a brain development disorder that directly affects the nervous system. As noted on AutismSpeaks.org, ASD can be deemed as an intellectual disability. Symptoms of Autism can include difficulty with communication, difficulty in social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors. The severity of these symptoms vary with all ASD patients. Some patients with ASD thrive in non-interactive subjects such as math, art, and music.

Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD, is a complex developmental disorder which is usually diagnosed during the first 3 years of life. The disorder is characterized by severe difficulty or inability in communicating, socializing, forming relationships with others, and responding appropriately to the environment. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM-IV, ASD was one of the diagnosis covered under the Persuasive Developmental Disorders category. The other diagnoses that were part of this category included Rett’s Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s

The current research of ASD has concluded this disorder is as complex as the predisposing factors. Freitag et al. stated that “the current evidence therefore points to ASD being a highly complex process involving multiple contributing loci, genetic heterogeneity, gene-gen interactions, and gene-environment interactions” (as cited in Johnson et al., 2017). In other words, there is no single cause genetically or environmentally that causes ASD to occur. Some environmental factors before birth include both premature birth and low weight at birth, as well as breech, cesarean, and the mother having multiple births; maternal stress, viral infection during pregnancy, use of reproductive medications and artificial insemination, and mothers over the age of 35 also have positive correlations with the occurrence of ASD (Johnson et al., 2017). Other environmental factors implicated in the manifestation of ASD are exposure to large amounts of environmental pollutants (Johnson et al., 2017).

Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined as a group of complex disorders of the brain. The autism spectrum contains many other disorders within itself, and each of them have different symptoms. These disorders include autistic disorder, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder, and Asperger syndrome (Frequently Asked Questions, 2015). The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that around 1 in 68 American children are on the spectrum, with the statistics in other countries being even higher. This number has increased in the last 40 years and could partly be because of the improved diagnosis and awareness, all because

Phthalates are a group of chemicals that are used in hundreds of products. For example, phthalates are used in plastic products to make them more flexible, adhesives, raincoats, detergents, and cosmetics. They are also used in making carpets, vinyl flooring, blood-storage containers, IV tubing, and even some children’s toys. When ingested, phthalates are converted into metabolites (waste products) that pass from the body in urine. Though health effects from exposure to low-levels of phthalates is also unknown, some have been shown to have adverse effects on the reproductive system. A study done by Larsson, Weiss, Janson, Sundell, and Bornehag (2009) while researching development disorders and asthma in Sweden, accidentally uncovered a connection with vinyl floors and autism. Of the 4,779 children that were involved in the study, 72 were diagnosed with autism. One of the significant variables was that they had PVC flooring in their homes. During the 2003-2004 NHANES, urine samples were tested for phthalates. The CDC scientists measured 13 phthalate metabolites in the urine samples of 2,636 participants. This finding indicates that exposure to phthalates is widespread in the U.S., it also finds that adult women show higher levels of metabolites, most likely due to cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, and other personal care items.