Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) Essay

The inspiration for this research document is a young boy with an Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis who engages in a wide array of stereotypies. These include echolalia (specifically, the scripting of scenes) and repetitive movements performed mid-script. In a typical bout with this behavior, he will stand up and begin speaking to himself in an unintelligible babble while holding his right hand

Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.

The researcher in this section will shed light on pragmatics, speech act theory, and Islamic expressions as stated in previous studies. Interestingly, the researcher will study the effect of using the modern technology (i.e. Facebook) on pragmatic's functions.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) hits very close to home for me. Considering I have been a child/adult with Autism, I thought the topic of how to handle people with Autism in the health care industry was a good fit. As a child, I personally had difficulties going to the doctor. I have had countless unpleasant encounters with doctors, and I understand what Autistic people go through. If there was more understanding of the condition and more culture competence towards the issues faced with someone having Autism, there would be more autistic people who receive health care.

Before the publication of the DSM-5, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was diagnosed as four separate disorders: autistic disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PPD-NOS) (Kress & Paylo, 2015). This was changed because it was discovered by researchers that the separate diagnoses were not consistently being diagnosed or applied with all treatment facilities, mental health providers, doctors or clinics (Kress & Paylo, 2015).

Autism is really come along ways from where it use to be. There’s been so much research done to try and track it early and see if there’s something that can done to try and prevent it. There are celebrities with the disorder as well as some celebrity kids or their children with it. The definition of autism is "a pervasive developmental disorder of children, characterized by impaired communication, excessive rigidity, and emotional detachment" as defined by Dictionary.com and is a part of the autism spectrum disorder that is found in both children and adults. Autism spectrum disorder is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child 's ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning. Wikipedia states that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in information processing and social interactions. ASD symptoms include repetitive behavior, disordered language/communication, and unreciprocated social and emotional interaction. These impairments indicate underlying neurodevelopmental abnormalities and are often exhibited in delayed communication compared to those who are not on the spectrum. B.F. Sparks and his colleagues have identified, through a study they performed on brain structure in kids with autism, specific regions of the brain that are affected by ASD (31). These regions include the limbic system, specifically the

Even with a substantial amount of research on the complex concept of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), much remains unknown when it comes to the root of this disorder. Study after study have shown that there are multiple brain regions of the ASD brain that act differently when compared to typically developing (TD) individuals. One area of the brain that researchers have shown an interest in is the fusiform gyrus. The fusiform gyrus is a section of the brain that is located between the parahippocampal gyrus and the lingual gyrus medially and the inferior temporal gyrus laterally on the basal temporal and occipital cortex ( ). The reason why this area is critical to understanding the ASD brain is its functions in color processing, word

In 1943 a child psychiatrist named Leo Kanner wrote about a group of children who were apathetic to their family members and made odd and repetitive movements. A year later, Hans Asperger observed similar behavior in another group of children, also noting a lack of understanding of social conventions (Lai, 2014). These two observations would be the beginning of a disorder known as the Autism Spectrum Disorder. This developmental disorder, characterized by a range of deficits in different areas, is increasingly prevalent in society and in the media. While the exact numbers vary from country to country, according to Lai (2014), 1% of the general population is diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. The range of this disorder has a detrimental effect on society, specifically the educational system due to specialized care needed for children with the disorder. Prior to being known as Autism Spectrum Disorder, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder could be broken down into Asperger’s disorder, autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified; The DSM-5 combined these diagnoses. Autism Spectrum Disorder belongs to a group of disorders known as pervasive developmental disorders.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) refers to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication, as well as behaviors (e.g. movements, interests and activities) that are restricted and repetitive1,2. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which was updated in 2013 (DSM-V), is used in the United States to diagnose ASD. DSM-V converts previously separate diagnoses (autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder – not otherwise specified, and Asperger disorder) into one single diagnosis3. There is significant clinical heterogeneity within ASD in both presence and severity of symptoms, which can lead to confusion and difficulty determining proper treatment. This paper will serve as a guide for healthcare practitioners and will examine ASD in detail, including general information, subjective and objective findings, diagnostic information and treatment.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a collection of heterogeneous disorders that share the characteristics of social and communicative deficits, highly focused and restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The estimated prevalence of the disorder in 2014 was 1 in 45 (2.24%) children and adolescents age 3 to 17 (Zablotsky et al., 2015). Behavioral symptoms typically become evident in the first 2 years of life and involve abnormalities in language development, social attention, and emotional reactivity (Landa & Garret-Mayer, 2006; Dawson et al., 2004). The symptoms of this disorder often have a negative impact on the quality of life of the individual,

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is widely described as a range of conditions that affect a person’s social interaction, communication and cognition4,7. The exact cause of ASD is still unknown. However, studies have shown that several genetic and environmental factors are associated with ASD development. Sjaarda et al. show a link between a genetic mutation in the serotonin transporter Slc6a4 gene, prenatal stress and the development of ASD-related characteristics.

The disorders listed under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder, were once listed as autism and subtypes of autism. This was changed in 2013 when The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published, and they were listed under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder. There are five disorders listed under the umbrella of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Autistic Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Rett Syndrome and Pervasive Developmental Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified. Autism Spectrum Disorder is defined by two categories, impaired social communication and/or interaction, and restricted and/or repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities (Allen & Cowdery, 2015, p. 191). Autism Spectrum Disorders are characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s latest statistics stated that about one in eighty-eight children have an Autism Spectrum Disorder (Allen & Cowdery, 2015, p. 192).

Early intervention, or intervention provided to children from the ages of birth to three, is a growing and perpetually more important portion of the profession of Speech-Language Pathology. With a growing evidence base supporting the idea that providing speech and language intervention early for children improves outcomes, children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and early Autism symptoms are of particular interest to the field. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have varying levels of impairments in language and communication, particularly in the domain of social interaction. The studies in this literature review were conducted to address gaps in research about language interventions for infants and toddlers with early Autism symptoms. The two interventions whose efficacies were tested in these randomized control trials were “Autism 1-2-3” (A 1-2-3) and Hanen’s “More Than Words” (HMTW). Both interventions focus not only on the child, but also on teaching the parents to implement early intervention strategies. In early intervention, the parents are the people with whom the child spends the majority of their time, therefore it is increasingly important that parents are empowered to enhance the communication skills of their children. A difficulty that both studies faced is the extreme variability that exists from child to child that has a diagnosis of ASD. A second difficulty was the time spans in which intervention was offered did not allow for

Mey (2001), pragmatics is the use of language in human communication as determined by the conditions of society (p.6). Blum-Kulka and Kasper (1993) are defined that as the study of people’s comprehension and production of linguistic action in context. As for Leech (1983), described pragmatics as the study of how utterances have