Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay

Autism is a form of neurodevelopment disorder in the autism spectrum disorders. It is characterized by impaired development in social interactions and communication, both verbal and non-verbal. There is an observed lack of spontaneous acts of communication; both receptive and expressed, as well as speech impairments. A person diagnosed with Autism will also show a limited range of activities and interests, as well as forming and maintain peer relationships. The individuals will display limited interests, which are often very focused and repetitive. He or she is likely to be very routine oriented and may show behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, aggressiveness, and self-injurious behaviors.

Autism Spectrum Disorder affects various aspects of an autistic child’s life. Many children are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder every year, while others go undiagnosed for an extended time, or even for their whole life. A child exhibiting delays in language benchmarks or showing little interest in the surroundings should be examined for possible ASD. Language is often impaired and although the level of impairment can range from severe too unnoticeable in each child, a child is likely to have a delay in another area, like coordination of motor skills, if not in language. Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder that causes impairments in various aspects of language development.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the fastest growing category in special education. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder generally diagnosed before the age of three. Its main factors include: repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior, impairment in communication, and impairment in the area of social interaction (Heward, 1996). The DSM-IV “identifies ASD as part of a larger grouping, pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). According the DSM-IV-TR there are five subtypes of PDD: autistic disorder, Aspergcr 's syndrome (AS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), Rett 's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)” (Meadan, Halle, & Ebata, 2010).

Autism is really come along ways from where it use to be. There’s been so much research done to try and track it early and see if there’s something that can done to try and prevent it. There are celebrities with the disorder as well as some celebrity kids or their children with it. The definition of autism is "a pervasive developmental disorder of children, characterized by impaired communication, excessive rigidity, and emotional detachment" as defined by Dictionary.com and is a part of the autism spectrum disorder that is found in both children and adults. Autism spectrum disorder is a serious neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs a child 's ability to communicate and interact with others. It also includes restricted repetitive behaviors, interests and activities. These issues cause significant impairment in social, occupational and other areas of functioning. Wikipedia states that autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders are conditions that become evident in early developmental stages before children are introduced to elementary school (APA, 2013). These disorders have developmental deficiencies that restrict children from “personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning” (APA, 2013, pp. 31). Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder, has been represented as a complex brain abnormality that effects children’s cognitive, behavioral, and social performance (APA, 2013; Sears, 2010). Autism has become a growing global phenomenon affecting children among nations (Currenti, 2010; Sears, 2010). The objective of this paper is to provide a prevailing overview of this neurological disorder that has affected many children by analyzing the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, diagnosable problems and the causes of ASD, and acceptable evidence-based treatment options.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by qualitative impairments in social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013), and is associated with impairments in executive functions. Autism Spectrum Disorder is also defined as a group of disorders that impair an individual’s ability to understand and engage in the give-and-take of social relationships. (Boyd, 2015) Autism is a well-known disability in the world today. Autism statistics from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identify 1 in 68 American children on the Autism spectrum. There has been a prevalent increase in the cases of autism in the past 40 years. Over 3 million people in the United States alone are affected by autism. Government autism statistics suggest that the prevalence of autism has increased 10 to 17 percent annually in recent years. There is no established explanation for why there is such an increase in autism in the recent years, but more people being aware of it and environmental factors could be a factor to the increase. (Jenson, Steinhausen, Lauritsen. 2014)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in information processing and social interactions. ASD symptoms include repetitive behavior, disordered language/communication, and unreciprocated social and emotional interaction. These impairments indicate underlying neurodevelopmental abnormalities and are often exhibited in delayed communication compared to those who are not on the spectrum. B.F. Sparks and his colleagues have identified, through a study they performed on brain structure in kids with autism, specific regions of the brain that are affected by ASD (31). These regions include the limbic system, specifically the

Social justice can be applied in all the expressive therapies, but I will briefly explain how it is being used now and what my recommendations are. I chose this topic because I am very interested in this research and I feel as though we did not get to go into detail about this topic in class. In our readings, there were a few sections that mentioned this client population, but I wanted to do more research to see if the expressive arts would be a good fit for the beginning stages of getting to know these clients. I am currently being trained in working with selectively mute children in my internship. The training is coming from a cognitive-behavioral model, but there are components of

ASD knows no boundaries – it affects individuals of all social, economic and racial backgrounds. According to 2016 statistics released by the National Autism Association, ASD now effects 1 in 68 children, a statistic which has continued to grow over the last few decades. Boys are 4-1/2 times more likely to have ASD than girls though there is no clear answer as to why this is the case. Signs of ASD are typically present by age 3 though some children develop ASD slightly later in life. Early indicators of ASD include: little to no smiles or joyful expressions and interactions by approximately 6 months of age, little to no ‘cooing’ or response to smiles

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are a group of complex “neurological developmental disorders” consisting of Aspergers, Autism, and pervasive development disorder (Perry, Hockenberry, Lowdermilk, Wilson, 2010, P. 1198). Recognized around twenty-four to forty-eight months of age, ASD is more common in males than females, and occurs in “1 to 166 children,” and can range from mild to severe (Perry, 2010, p. 1198). A mild case of autism can require little supervision, while a severe case of autism requires intense supervision because of their tendency to harm themselves (Perry, 2010, p. 1198).

Young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), have struggled to obtain employment after completing high school or college. In many studies of young adults with ASD, low rates of employment are reported (4.1 and 11%) despite their intellectual abilities. Moreover, research on interventions for adults with ASD is scarce, and only 4% of all studies of ASD in 2010 were longitudinal studies.

“We start with an image—a tiny, golden child on hands and knees, circling round and round a spot on the floor in mysterious, self-absorbed delight. She does not look up, though she is smiling and laughing; she does not call our attention to the mysterious object of her pleasure. She does not see us at all. She and the spot are all there is, and though she is eighteen months old, an age for touching, tasting, pointing, pushing, exploring, she is doing none of these. She does not walk, or crawl up stairs, or pull herself to her feet to reach for objects. She doesn’t want any objects. Instead, she circles her spot. Or she sits, a long chain in her hand, snaking it up and down, up and down, watching it coil and uncoil,

(The) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD),commonly known as Autism, revolves around an abnormal development of the brain. The Centers for Disease Control describe it as (a) “development disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction, communication,and the presence of unusual behaviors and interests”. Some of the common impairments include avoiding eye contact and holding a conversation; it also affects executive functioning tasks such as reasoning and planning. In addition, the disorder correlates with disabilities such as an attention deficit, lack of motor coordination, and physical health issues, such as sleep disturbance. (The) ASD has no single known cause, but it might relate to two factors:genes and environment. It initiates before the age of 2 to 3, and it lasts throughout a person’s life span. It affects (the) boys four times more than (the) girls, which holds true for all racial, ethnic, and social groups.

The purpose of the first article, Level of Functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Phenotypic Congruence Among Affected Siblings, is to determine familial aggregation amongst siblings with autism, specifically twins. The main question raised in this article is whether “individual differences in levels of overall functioning can be explained by genetic [factors] versus environmental factors” (Goin-Kochel et al., 2008). My question asks “Are siblings more likely to be concordant of ASD amongst MZ twins or DZ twin?” which is supported by this article that researched the familial aggregation amongst siblings and twins with ASD. The author found that “great variability existed among scores on the PPVT-III, Ravens,

There is an extremely diverse and complex developmental disorder which shows itself in children in different ways. There are many different types and styles of treatment available for children with autism. These therapies can be used individually or in combination with each other in order to provide effective treatment.