Autism Spectrum Disorder Vs Dsm-Iv

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurological disorder that impacts a person’s ability to communicate and form relationships. It is one of the fastest growing developmental disorders in the US. The diagnosis for autism is rising 10-17% each year with an estimated 2 million people diagnosed with the disorder. People who fall under the spectrum have pervasive deficits in social communications and social interactions across multiple contexts. They have repetitive and restrictive patterns of behaviors, activities or interest. The DSM-5 diagnoses this disorder under two different criteria’s: Social communications and social interaction deficits and repetitive behaviors. To meet the criteria an individual must demonstrate all of these

Autism spectrum disorders are a class of developmental disorders that impair social skills, behavior, and communication (Center for Disease Control). ASDs are considered ‘spectrum’ disorders because each patient has a unique experience in the nature and severity of their symptoms (Center for Disease Control). Under the umbrella of ASDs, there are three types of disorders, including Autistic disorder, Asperger Syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (Center for Disease Control). Autistic disorder is the most severe of the three, and patients exhibit significant problems with language, communication, and behavior (Center for Disease Control). Furthermore, people with Autistic disorder often have some intellectual impairment (Center for Disease Control). Asperger Syndrome is a milder form of autistic disorder where patients have some developmental delays, but their language and intellect are not affected (Center for Disease Control). The mildest of the ASDs is the pervasive developmental disorder. These patients usually don’t meet all of the criteria for autistic disorder, but do show some signs of social and communication problems (Center for Disease Control). The number of children diagnosed with ASD is growing, and currently 1 in 88 children fall somewhere on the spectrum (Mari-Bauset et al., 2013). Boys are four times more likely than girls to have autism, and while the exact cause of these disorders is unknown, both genetic and

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

Many of us have heard about Autism, also knows as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some have a family member, a friend, or know someone who has ASD. Increasingly it is becoming a more common disability. “Autism is one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the U.S” (Autism Speaks). Autism has no respect for gender, race, social class and or ethnicity. “Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that involves abnormal development and function of the brain.” (Autism Center of Excellence) People who have autism have a lot of difficulties with social skills, communication and also will develop behavior issues. These behavior problems of an individual with autism can vary at times and can go from mild to severe. According to the Autism Science Foundation it says,” Many people with the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, and reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASD can vary—from gifted to severely challenged.” The causes and symptoms, as well as the diagnosis, and the treatments of autism vary.

Social/Communicative Deficits b. Restricted, repetitive behaviors, interests or activities (RRB) c. Qualitative impairment in behavior d. Both A & B ASR • The primary DSM-IV-TR diagnostic difference between autism and Asperger’s disorder is: a. Social interaction b. Language development c. Stereotyped behaviors d. Age of onset ASR • The DSM-IV-TR classifies autism related conditions as members of a group of: a. Pervasive development disorders b. Childhood Disintegrative Disorders c.

Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general.

Over the years, more people are becoming aware of Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD. The growing number of individuals who are affected by ASD have been increasing over the years. This could be do to the new DSM development of what is considered ASD or simply more children are being born with ASD. Either way, ASD is more predominate in our society today. ASD is defined in the DSM 5 as having abnormal social aspects, lack of social skills, non-verbal communications skills, deficits in development, lack of understanding of relationships, and self-stimulation through repetitive behaviors (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Although these are not all of the symptoms caused by ASD

The evaluation of ADHD from a clinician standpoint is that ADHD is a disorder. ADHD stands for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Disorders occur from childhood to adulthood and with treatments for daily interactions, improvement of ADHD symptoms occur as a child ages and reaches adulthood. Disorders evaluated, by the following persons; behavioral neurologist, psychiatrist, clinical or educational psychologist, nurse practitioner, or clinical social worker. Genetics linked to ADHD, with additional research and study of other possible causes and risk factors, which may cause concern is publicized. Researchers suggest, that ADHD runs in families because of genetics or external factors due to smoking or

The DSM 5 defines autism spectrum disorder as a persistent deficit in social communication and interaction across various areas. The deficits occur in the areas of social and emotional functioning, non-verbal communicative behaviors, and fostering relationships. The DSM 5 also includes repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities as factors to consider when seeking to understand if a child has autism. The child can become fixated on specific objects, strongly adhere to schedules or ritualized patterns. When patterns are broken, the child has a difficult time transitioning to a new schedule or pattern of existence. Additionally, the child may be hyper or hyperactivity to various sensory aspects of the environment. As denoted

Chapter 1 focuses on autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) and other Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Described in 1943 by Dr. Leo Kanner, autism (also known as autistic disorder, childhood autism, or infantile disorder) is one of the PDDs along with Rett's disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD) referred to as Heller's syndrome, Asperger disorder, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Rett's is a rare genetic abnormality affecting brain development in girls. There are treatments available, but there is no known cure. Asperger disorder affects an individual's ability to socialize and communicate effectively. Individuals with Asperger disorder may be socially awkward and have a compulsive

Many scientists are not sure on how ADHD caused. Most say this disease is genetic. One way genetics plays a role in ADHD is mainly located in the brain tissue which scientists claim, can appear thinner in the area of the brain that is used for attention. In some cases, a child can have ADHD but outgrow it as the brain begins to further develop into adulthood. Smoking and drinking while pregnant could have a possible link to ADHD. Also, children who are exposed to high levels of lead have a high risk of developing ADHD (WebMD, 2015). Lastly, another way a child can be diagnosed with ADHD is by head injury.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have the characteristic which is the persistent pattern of hyper activity/ impulsivity and/or inattention. The patients with ADHD is difficult to staying focused on work tasks, according to the textbook. The textbook mentioned that the prevalence of ADHD is about 3-5% in school aged children, but it is hard to diagnose at that young-age children because in the development stage many children express hyperactivity or inattention. For treatment of ADHD, the most common way is medication which using the stimulant drug. Also, the behavior therapy is one of common ways to treat ADHD. I agree with that school-age children with ADHD should be treated with stimulants medication.

Autism is a developmental disorder that affects 1 in 68 children (CDC, 2014). It is a wide spectrum ranging from mild to severe. Diagnostic criteria have evolved to 2 main categorical commonalities along the spectrum. According to the DSM-V (APA, 2013), they are deficits in social communication and interaction across multiple settings and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Additional characteristics like lack of or non functional speech patterns

The child with ADHD does not learn from social experiences he or she has with peers, teachers and parents. Also, the child does not realize the tone, gestures and all pragmatic manifestations associated with responses to those around him or her to their inappropriate behavior.

DSM-5 states that symptoms attributed to autism disorder, Asperger’s syndrome, and PDD fall along a single continuum of impairments across the domains of social communication and restrictive/repetitive behaviors/interests. Rather than being considered distinct disorders, individuals meet criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with specification of severity (mild to severe). DSM-5 asserts that this modification serves to improve sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (APA, 2013; McPartland, Reichow, & Volkmar, 2012). Improved diagnostics will ultimately lead to increasingly focused treatment targets related to specific