Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Autism is the main form of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Autism is a developmental disorder that is manifested in problems with communication, impairment of social functioning, and repetitive behaviours. According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), ASD diagnoses must meet four different areas of criteria. There are three symptoms of "deficits in social communication and interaction across contexts," four symptoms of "restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities," "symptoms must be present in early childhood," and the symptoms must "together limit and impair everyday functioning" (Carpenter, 2013). There are many theoretical positions on the causes of autism spectrum disorders. Some of which have been discounted by empirical studies that have been researched and performed.

According to the 2014 estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 68 children have been identified as having an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); a rate that has been steadily growing over the past 20 years (National Autism Association, 2015). Increases in reported frequencies for ASD are most likely due to a combination of factors including broader diagnostic criteria and increased awareness as well as a true increase in the number of people with ASD (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Autism it self does not effect life expectancy and, in general, people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can expect to live as long as the non-cognitively impaired population (National Autism Association,

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability that can cause significant social, communication, and behavior challenges and was first described by Dr. Leo Kanner in 1943 (Brown & Percy, 2007). Individuals with ASD can range from high functioning to low functioning in their ability to learn, think, and problem solve (Brown & Percy, 2007). Behavior problems are common among individuals with ASD (Hill at el, 2014). Kogan (2009) estimates that approximately 637,000 children in the U.S. alone have ASD and within those 637,000 children, Hagopian (2007) suggests that half of those children, who are diagnosed with ASD, also display problem behavior. According to Hagopian & Hardesty (2014), Applied Behavior

Over the past 40 years, the rate at which diagnoses for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occur has seen a dramatic growth in numbers. With diagnoses for ASD increasing, more siblings are also being found to have grown up with a sister or brother with autism spectrum disorder. Previous studies have shown no consensus on whether or not siblings of persons with ASD are at risk for negative effects. However, patterns of anxiety among these siblings are being examined to see if characteristics of a child with autism spectrum disorder and their parents can predict anxiety. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common psychological disorders found in childhood and research has shown that they can have a negative impact on a child’s current and future development if left untreated (Cartwright-Hatton et al. 2006; Johnson et al. 2000; Visu-Petra et al. 2010; Vitiello and Waslick 2010). About 80% of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder have one or more concurrent anxiety disorders (de Bruin et al., 2007). Research suggests that they may be a link between anxiety disorders and impairments in daily living skills (Drahota et al., 2010). Anxiety does not just put children with ASD at risk but also has an impact on family members as well.

There is a wide variety of symptoms that have been associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD, the name adopted in 2013) including, repetitive movements, emotional difficulties, sensory problems, etc. The exact cause of these symptoms is a widely debated topic. In this paper, I will discuss the overall prevalent causes for Autism as well as the different variations and subgroups. People are familiar with other disorders such as Down syndrome or Trisomy 21. These types of disorders are discusses frequently because of the knowledge and commonality of them. However, not everybody is familiar with a disorder such as Autism. This is due to the uncertainty of the cause for Autism. The overall concept of Autism is simple, but the causes are widely disputed.

Autism is a scientific labyrinth, providing an infinite amount of questions but very few answers. Over the past few decades there has been a significant rise in the number of people who have been diagnosed with Autism. Due to the increase in Autism diagnoses, there is also an increased need for better research and understanding about this complex neurological and developmental disorder. Autism has been documented and diagnosed in all social, economic, religious, and ethnic groups. Autism is referred to as a spectrum because of its wide range of severity levels and disorders. Autism is characterized by its impact on communication, cognitive ability, socialization, behaviors, and emotional understanding. Autism was initially speculated to be an early form of schizophrenia, which sparked the belief that it was caused by negative experiences or bad parenting. With

Genetics is believed to be a main cause of autism. But the issue is that it does not follow a simple hereditary pattern. Several different accounts of genes have been found by scientists strongly linked to autism. Genetic disorders have been increasing a lot in the past few years. Autism could assent with anxiety orders. ADHD, depression, and epilepsy could all accompany autism.Autism is idiopathic, meaning that it's root is unknown. There could be over 1,000 genes associated with autism and any alterations of the chromosomes could cause it. Specific high risk mutation could have a possibility to lead to diseases or disabilities causing autism. Another cause could be drugs or vaccines taken during pregnancy. It is not certain what drugs and vaccines exactly do cause it, but we know that some do. A common but untrue statement about causes for autism is poor parenting. Poor parenting is not a true cause of autism and should not be a

Autism Spectrum Disorder, (ASD) is a development disorder and affects the brains normal development in social and communication skills. ASD is now defined as a single disorder and includes disorders that were previously considered separate such as Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger’s Syndrome, and Persuasive Developmental Disorder not otherwise specified. There is no exact cause of ASD, but scientists believe that a variety of factors both genetic and environmental may play a role. Scientists believe that several genes are involved in the development of ASD. “There is a genetic susceptibility to ASD. This was initially determined by twin and other family studies. Although many chromosomal and gene abnormalities have been associated with symptoms of ASD, none of these are present in all affected children” (Errol, 2014). Scientists believe that some genetic problems seem to be inherited, while others happen randomly. Although genetics do not fully explain the occurrence of ASD, researchers looked at the additional environmental causes such as prenatal and perinatal factors, early toxin exposure, viral or bacterial infections, vaccinations, and autoimmune concerns. Scientists are studying how environmental factors affect certain genes. By studying how environmental factors affect genes, it provides many new ways to study how ASD develops and changes over time.

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurological disorder that includes a set of developmental and behavioral features. These features include social interaction, communication, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, and activities. Social interaction and communication are difficult for those who have autism. It is considered a syndrome, not and illness, because it is a collection of behaviors, that the child exhibits, not a known biological part. Children with autism may not respond to their names, may not make eye contact and may only interact with others if it meant achieving a specific goal. They may also have difficulty interacting with other children and may have trouble expressing their own feelings

“Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development.” Those with autism may have a number of difficulties such as in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with impairments that have lifelong consequences. This paper will discuss how it is found in people, what the effects are, the levels of autism, and how you can help those with autism.

From gamma rays to radio waves, the electromagnetic spectrum varies in frequency, energy, and wavelength. Just like the electromagnetic spectrum, people who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) vary on a scale of severity. Some are able to integrate into the social world by making their own choices, while others are severely disabled and need care providers to attend to their every need. These individuals face numerous obstacles every day that the average person in society is unaware of. Life with Autism is anything but simplistic. To completely assess this disorder, one must evaluate all aspects of Autism in their own lives and in our society’s past- including the history and symptoms of the disorder, treatment options available, and emergency plans.

Autism is a disability that affects a large group of people in the United States and throughout the entire world. Autism is also referred to as ASD which is Autism Spectrum Disorder; those how have it usually have a huge difficulty talking or interacting with others. The autism spectrum also includes Asperger syndrome, pervasive development disorder, the what others call just simply autism (Rodriguez). People with autism also have a problem with changing their schedules. While one person not diagnosed can change their schedule so easily, an autistic child would not be able to comprehend the idea and may shut it out or become frustrated. They also have a trouble with properly expressing themselves, it does not mean that they do not have feeling or love things they just show it properly. They are known to have obsessions, they can be fixed on an idea or topic for very long amounts of time (Nordqvist) it’s about 1 out of every 50 kids who are diagnosed with autism (Willingham). Even with that statistic boys are common to have it than girls. These are just of the more common problems people with autism have to deal with.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects individuals whose brain development is outside of the norm. ASD is a complex disorder and each individual that suffers from has a unique set of conditions. The symptoms of individuals with ASD vary in severity. That is, the disorder is characterized, in varying degrees, based on how difficult social interactions and communicating are for the person. Before, all types of autism were considered as distinct and subtypes of autism. Each type of autism was termed as a unique disorder. For example, there was Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, Asperger syndrome etc.… (Autism Speaks, 2016). However, the DSM-5 diagnostic manual merged all degrees of autism disorders into

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental that includes disordersocial impairments, difficulty in communicating verbally and nonverbally, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. Autism was first diagnosed in the early 1940’s. Signs of Autism and diagnosis usually occur before the child becomes 3 years of age. Autism occurs in children about 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide. It is diagnosed more in children that are boys rather than girls. The number of children diagnosed with Autism has drastically increased since the 1980’s with still, no known cause. Although, some scientists have come up with the theory that Autism may be hereditary or environmental causes.

they're born (Parents). Autism is a disorder that affects how a child communicates and interacts with the world. People who have autism are affected throughout their life span with this disorder. Kids with autism can be treated at a young age to improve the child's ability to think and act. Although the causes of autism are varied, treatments like medication and therapy doctors can help those with the disorder cope with symptoms.