Autoimmune Disease: Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. The disease destroys the myelin, which is the insulation that protects the nerve fibers in the spinal cord, and brain (Niino, 2008). When the myelin is damaged, the message that is traveling along that nerve may be slowed or blocked. Symptoms vary by patient, but often include: numbness or weakness in limbs, partial or complete loss of vision, lack of coordination or unsteady gait, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness, and problems with bowel and bladder functions.

The symptoms are determined by the location of the plaques. Symptoms associated with plaques in the spinal cord include: numbness or loss of feeling, weakness, bladder difficulties, bowel difficulties, sexual dysfunction, and disturbances in feeling in the limbs or on the trunk (Rosner & Ross). Symptoms associated with plaques in the brain stem include: eye movement abnormalities, imbalance, incoordination, speech disorders, emotional disturbances, and facial nerve abnormalities (Rosner & Ross). Symptoms associated with plaques in the optic nerve include blurred vision, vision loss, impaired depth perception, and pain or tenderness followed by headaches (Rosner & Ross).

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disease that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS) through cellular immune response and the demyelination of CNS white matter (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633). The initial causes of MS are unknown however, it is believed that it could possibly be due to an immune response to an initiating infection or an autoimmune response to CNS antigens on the myelin itself (Brück, 2005) (Miljković and Spasojević, 2013). MS is a result of the degradation of the myelin sheath surrounding neurons and therefore disrupts the transmission of action potentials along these cells. MS can display itself in the form of symptoms ranging from muscle weakness to trouble with sensation and coordination (NHS, 2016). The degradation of myelin leads the body to attempt to remyelinate the neurons, a process that in turn leads to the thickening of the cell by glial cells and this causes lesions to form (Chari, 2007). It is this thickening (sclerae) from which the disease gets its name. Sufferers of MS can either have a relapsing type of MS, in which there are episodes that lead to the worsening of symptoms for a period of time, or a progressive type of MS where symptoms gradually progress and worsen (McCance et al., 2014, pp. 630–633).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, often disabling disorder, affecting the central nervous system. The symptoms of MS may be mild, such as numbness in the limbs, or severe, such as paralysis or loss of vision. The progress of symptoms and their severity are currently unpredictable and vary from individual to individual. To date, the new treatments available and the progress of science are giving new hope to people affected by this First you need to specify the characteristics of this disease. In multiple sclerosis we are witnessing an immune system attack against the central nervous system.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord, particularly the central nervous system (CNS). In MS the immune system attacks the myelin, which is the protective sheath that covers the nerve fibers and causes communication between your brain and the rest of your body. Eventually, the disease can cause the nerves to deteriorate or even lead to permanent damage. They deteriorate in variable degrees and produce significant disability within 20-25 years in more than 30% of patients, (Luzzio, 2016). The majority of people diagnosed with MS are adults between the ages of 20 and 45; twice as many women are affected compared to men. However, MS can present itself in childhood or late middle age, but is uncommon. According to Goldenberg (2012), there is no known cause for this debilitating disease, but it appears to involve a combination of genetic susceptibility and a nongenetic trigger, such as a virus, metabolism, or environmental factors

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an acquired demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically is diagnosed in the second or third decade of life. Normally, nerves are enclosed in myelin sheaths that help facilitate transmission of nerve impulses within the CNS and the peripheral nervous system throughout the body. In patients with MS, the myelin sheath is damaged and eventually degenerates, causing patches of scar tissue called plaques or lesions to occur anywhere randomly on the myelin sheath (Ruto, 2013). This results in impaired nerve conductivity, which interferes with message transmission between the brain and the other parts of the body. As a result, impulse transmission is altered, distorted, short-circuited, or completely absent. This interference in impulse transmission creates muscle weakness, muscle imbalance, and possibly muscle spasms with partial or complete paralysis. Multiple sclerosis also can result in visual impairment and alteration of cognitive abilities, as well as pain, numbness, or tingling sensations (Ruto, 2013).

Multiple Sclerosis is a "chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by the inflammation and loss of myelin" (Reingold 1). To Clarify, myelin is a white fatty substance that acts as an electrical insulation for nerve fibers in the brain. Moreover, the effect of having this disease in patients causes "Extreme fatigue, weakness, partial or complete paralysis, incoordination, memory loss, impaired sensation, and visual problems" (Reingold 1). I will be stating the many different treatments that scientists have discovered to help reduce a Multiple Sclerosis relapse.

MS is a disease that attacks the nervous system for mostly unknown reasons. Several possible causes can be traced to this disease, such as smoking or exposure to smoke, and a lack of vitamin D. Many disease have been tested to be linked with MS, however no test has been fully conclusive. Myelin, a protective coating around nerves, is attacked and destroyed in people with MS, and the Central Nervous System(CNS) is no longer capable of sending complete signals to other parts of the nervous system because of these broken pathways. This leads to failing in simple tasks in the most severe cases. It can begin with a numb

Multiple Sclerosis has haunted my reality as a young child. I can recall an episode that lay at the beginning memories of my childhood. The steady shifting of the bed and the sudden spike in heat surrounding me woke me from my peaceful slumber to find my grandma having a M.S episode. Multiple Sclerosis was a word that always lingered in my family at every turn, but never had I known the true meaning. Diseases are commonly discussed in television programs, papers, and daily conversation, but the normal course of the discussion goes towards scientific findings and the implementation of treatment options what science has created to cure. The disease is never really discussed in its entirety; neither are there enough discoveries on how to stop

Before treatment is possible, it’s important to get a proper diagnosis from a doctor. When symptoms fit the criteria for MS and neurological exams and MRI results show the abnormalities, a proper diagnosis can be formed. Nutritional therapy is very important for the patient as it gives the patient a low fat diet to follow to help slow down any progression of the disease. Any type of exercise is beneficial for MS patients, as well as movement therapy. For patients that are too weak for exercise, other options such as yoga or water aerobics would be helpful. Aromatherapy would also be very beneficial where the patient’s body can be massaged with essential oils to treat affected areas. It’s important for the patients to do research on the type of treatment that they would prefer to help become more confortable (Tran, 2014). As well as exercise, it’s important to change your diet in correlation with new medications that the patient would be receiving. Medications such as Avonex has been seen to help limit the progress of an disabilities from episodes, Betaseron also helped some patients with reducing the number and severity of relapses (Tran, 2014). All drugs are administered by injection, and also have significant side effects, which is why it is important to do research to figure out which is best for

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative and potentially debilitating disorder that affects the spinal cord and brain, collectively known as the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis evolves gradually throughout time and is considered to be auto-immune, which means the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues that are supposed to be within the body. According to Medscape, symptoms consist of, but are not limited to, sexual problems, ataxia (the inability to control certain muscle movements as defined by Tortora and Derrickson), fatigue, and optic neuritis. Multiple sclerosis is characterized into four different types: relapsing-remitting MS, secondary-progressive MS, primary-progressive MS, and progressive-relapsing MS. There is currently no cure for multiple sclerosis, but there are many forms of treatments to help suppress the symptoms and hinder the progression. The Patient Education Institute lists of treatments include prescription medication and healthy lifestyle habits, such as exercising. Steroids are also administered to delay the severity of the attacks. The aforementioned details about the treatments, types, and symptoms of multiple sclerosis are merely a superficial analysis. To fully understand this disease, a more in-depth and detailed focus of its impact within the body is needed.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease of the central nervous system and the disease functions by using the immune system to attack the body in the CNS targeting the nerve fibers. It focuses on the myelin sheath that covers the nerve fibers damaging them and scaring the fibers. This will cause a disruption of communication that is shared between the brain and the body and eventually will be permanent damage. This process is called demyelination. This disease is difficult to diagnose but if you start seeing signs and symptoms go to the doctor to get professional medical treatment or advice to slow down the process of

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelination affects white and grey matter (Kieseier and Stuve, 2011; Stadelman et al., 2011), and it is accompained by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), inflammatory infiltrates consisting of monocyte-derived macrophages and lymphocytes, and axonal degeneration (Trapp and Nave, 2008). As a consequence, MS patients usually suffer from loss of motor and sensory function, and cognitive impairment.

Multiple Sclerosis also known by the abbreviations (MS) has been known as a devastating disease in which its name literally means many scars. This chronic disease attacks the central nervous system, meaning it affects the brain and the spinal cord and is known as an autoimmune disease. MS happens when your immune system attacks myelin, which is a fatty material that is wrapped around nerve fibers to protect them. Without this outset shell, the nerves become damaged in which scar tissue may form. This damage can produce the brain not to be able to send signals throughout the body to work correctly. In 2007, the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that approximately 2.5 million people have MS and over 350,000 people have MS in the

Autoimmune disease is a disease where the body’s immune system attacks and damages its own body tissues. The immune system may start producing antibodies that will attack its own body tissue instead of protecting and fighting infections in response to an unknown triggering mechanism. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a type of autoimmune disease in which the myelin sheath that covers axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulse in the brain is damaged or destroyed. The word Multiple refers to many areas and Sclerosis refers to the scar of the myelin sheath. The disease affects the central nervous system which are the brain and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerves cannot conduct the electrical impulses efficiently.