Automatic Frequency Planning & Optimization

A typical cellular network can be envisioned as a mesh of hexagonal cells, each with its own base station at the center. The cells slightly overlap at the edges to ensure that users always will remain within range of a base station.

In developing 5G, a lot of efforts have been made in three different areas: spectrum expansion, spectrum efficiency and network densification. In network densification, there made a large number of small cells. These small cells have small area of coverage. Due to the deployment of small cells, there is an increase in complexity. Due to this , a network operator has to face many problems:

Wireless, or cellular, networks have become one of the most common ways consumer’s access data in today’s world. This is quite interesting since the idea of having the ability to access the internet in any form, let alone having a consistent always on internet connection in the palm of your hand would have been something out of science fiction or James Bond not that long ago.

Practice planning a network by completing questions 1, 2, 4, 11, 14, 15, 16, & 20 in Ch. 5 of Guide to Networking Essentials.

In many countries, the frequency range 57-66 GHz is split into a number of discrete bands with differing requirements and conditions of use and/or licensing. From a global point of view, the use of this spectrum by Fixed Services (FS) is being addressed by the ITU- R in its draft report on Fixed Service use trends in WP5C, which is currently under development. In 2001, the federal Communication Commission (FCC) allocated 7 GHz in the 57-64 GHz for unlicensed use. The allotted spectra in different countries are shown in the figure.

The purpose of the paper is to focus on the development of wireless mobile telecommunication. Firstly, cellular

Abstract— Indoor wireless systems with cellular technology provides good coverage and high capacity with great potential if a large number of small radio-ports are connected to a centralized radio network controller. Various radio network solutions are investigated based on this approach. Architecture of a base station sub-system (BSS) is presented and the proposed BSS is based on a distributed architecture. The cost economical solution for indoor wireless deployment is presented that meets indoor capacity need and provides good indoor coverage. Antenna hopping is done, which transmits information continuously on different antennas. The Radio Resource

Every day the wireless communication is getting more advanced comparing to what is was yesterday. Every generation of mobile communication get advanced with a higher speed, frequency band, better connectivity, security and high data rates in transmission. For all these reasons, it’s clear how the 4G is success more than the 3G networks, and the same thing will happen to the 4G after lunching the 5G in the near future. In this paper, I will try to describe the 4G networks and 5G networks in contest of future of mobile communications. What are their drawbacks and what are the main differences between these different generations along with the issues that make the new network take over that network.

III. Objectives In our proposed cell breathing technique, the mobile switching centre (MSC) performs the pre-calculation as outlined: Before assigning a call to the base station or access point (AP) of a cell, the MSC will check if the capacity of the cell is exceeded, i.e if it is getting overloaded. In case of overloading, the received power of the client (to whom the call is directed) decreases below the threshold. As such, the MSC searches which neighboring AP transmits optimum power to this client and has free load i.e. its current load is less than its maximum capacity. Once such an AP is found, its coverage area is expanded to serve the client of the neighboring AP and MSC assigns the client to this new AP. Thus the overloading call is not dropped and the grade of service is improved. Unlike previous works on cell breathing, where the radius of the

A cellular network is a wireless network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one base station/antenna known as a cell site. In this network each cell uses a different set of frequency so that no neighbor cell can interrupt other’s signal.

A cellular network is a radio network distributed over land areas called “cells”. Each cell is served by one fixed-location transceiver, which is called a “base station”. When cells are joined together, they provide wireless coverage over a large geographic area, within which mobile stations or phones can communicate with base stations and each other. Overlapping coverage areas allows transmission to be maintained even when mobile stations are moving between cells. Assigning a different set of frequencies to neighboring cells avoids wireless signal interference.

Cellular network is a network where the last connection is wireless. In cellular network multiple low-power transmitters are used, with 100 W or less, thus, the spread range of such a transmitter is small, dividing an area into cells. A band of frequencies is allocated to each cell and each cell is served by a base station (BS), including of transmitter, receiver, and control unit. The base station provides wireless network coverage which can be used

As the technology world evolves and develops faster and better every day, it puts new demands of speed and throughput on the network that supports it. Today especially, we live in a world where everyone is mobile, and it is expected that mobile networks keep pace with the innovations in technology. The successor of 2G and 3G mobile network standard is the 4G mobile network standard. The emergence of 4G, nonetheless, should provide faster and better mobile network connectivity to support the newer and ever more demanding technologies born every day. The emergence of 4G mobile network technology is aimed at offering higher data speeds and the ability to roam across multiple heterogeneous wireless networks for the

With the increase in the demands for high capacities, the mobile operators are continuously upgrading their radio technologies to meet the demand. LTE advanced is the successor version of LTE (Long Term Evolution), which fulfills the entire criterion specified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to be considered as 4G. In order to satisfy all the standards specified by the ITU there were many advanced technologies and capabilities that the older telecommunication systems did not include. There has been a rapid evolution in the radio access technologies over the past decade, with each new generation systems offering a substantial amount of features over its previous generation technologies. The

The concentration of small cells in a network increases; measures need to be taken in order to ensure that the QoS is not degraded for the macrocell users as well as its nearest small cells. Interference managing in Heterogeneous Network in critical position .This is characteristically attained completed bright resource allocation schemes for small cells. In Heterogeneous Network, the mobile network is constructed with layers of small and large cells. This architecture is faced with the task of supply allocation (power, channel, time) for small cells in order to guarantee reliable and high quality service to both primary (macrocell) users as well as secondary (femtocell) users. In mobile network all users can be considered as nomadic, in the form of microcells, hot-spots, circulated antennas and relays becomes predictable. Therefore, for the deployment of the LTE systems the FAPs get a critical inspiring subject, mostly relating to the technical and business influences that it could signify and the method they could be combined efficiently into the LTE building.