Aviation: The Radar System Essay

The selection of satellites bands with wider frequencies allows a variety of information to travel and decreases the limitation of usage by the users. The Ka-Band (26-40GHz) the communication satellites provides high resolution, close ranges targeting radar on military crafts(TIA,2013). The current suggestion of band would be the Ka-Band (26-40GHz) the communication satellites allows high resolution, close ranges that support strong military functions(TIA,2013). advancements to the developing concept, identify leverage over the other choices, utilizing Ka-bands do propose substantiated risks however, it is still operable (Lewis, 2014). Users offering themselves a band with wider frequency means information can transfer swiftly whereas, a smaller frequency could offer more accuracy but limits the user capability. All forums offer positive attribute and consequential attributes but overall the assessment has to be made by the operation leader. As technology develops engineers are developing ideal that are properly modified to support the needs of the community and excel in

The invention of radar, known as Radio Direction Finding (RDF) at the time, by the Department of Scientific and Industrial research in 1934 initially allowed aircraft to be detected at a distance of thirty-eight miles. By 1937, improvements to RDF had enabled it to see aircraft at a range of one hundred miles, complete with the bearing of enemy aircraft4. The British recognized the potential of RDF to be used simultaneously with other electronic and communication aids to provide an early-detecting system. The development of an early-warning system was essential to the British war effort due to the length of the coastline being so close to enemy-occupied territory, with important commercial, industrial and military centres well within the range of enemy aircraft5. An early-warning system also had two distinct advantages over traditional aircraft patrolling of the British coastline. It

The high mobility of the Stinger and Avenger missile system make it an excellent last line of defense for short range aviation threats up to 5-6 kilometers away, and the heat seeking capabilities which it carries make it highly accurate and easy to utilize (Moya, 1997). The current weapons system being utilized in defense of high range targets is the Patriot Missile system which utilizes a 90 kilogram warhead. This system must be emplaced; however is still more mobile than Air Defense systems of the past. It is electronically guided by the movement of the target, or manually by the mobile engagement control center, and has a maximum range of 70 km which can be reached in 3.5 minutes, and a maximum altitude of 24 km (Patriot Missile Long-Range Air-Defense System,

Today, radar is one of the most prevalent equipment devices used in the military, especially on naval ships. Radar is so detrimental to the navy because it detects invisible or distant objects by means of reflected radio waves and is capable of locating them accurately in space . Using this method, radars are able to scan for and, or track targets that, again, are too far for the human eye to see. With the AN/SPQ-9B, a ship is able to do both; in fact it can track while scanning. The track while

Radar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a method of detection that works by sending out radio waves and detecting any reflections from distant objects. Created by Christian Hülsmeyer, a German scientist, in 1904, the invention first became useful in World War 1, where it was used to determine the location of enemy planes.. Once World War 2 began and U-boats were once again roaming the Atlantic, the Allies knew that they needed a means of detecting the location of these deadly submarines. Radar could essentially “see” things as dots using radio waves, and although it was not created to specifically detect U-boats, it became a technological weapon that the allies could use for their benefit. Additionally, Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) was built specifically to counteract the threat of underwater enemies such as the U-boats. Sonar uses sound waves to detect distant objects. Similar to radar, the use of sonar allowed the British surface fleet to detect the direction and depth of these submarines and destroy many of them. What makes these two technologies similar is that they both locate enemy ships using waves that could not be seen and they could do it at such a distance that the Germans would have no way of interfering and stopping them. This advanced technology was a detriment to the U-boats because the German Navy could no longer surprise the Allied forces.

The FBCB2 system hardware consists of a small ruggedized computer, a display screen that features function short-cut buttons, a radio system used for line-of-sight FM communications, a Global Positioning System (GPS) for self-location, and a satellite transceiver. The FBCB2 system distributes situational awareness data and Battle Command messages between platforms and command posts through two communication systems. The FBCB2- Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS) is supported by the tactical internet and use FM radios for terrestrial communications. The FBCB2-EPLRS can process SECRET data had full interoperability with the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). The FBCB2-Blue Force Tracker (BFT) is supported by L-Band satellite. The FBCB2-BFT cannot process SECRET data and has limited interoperability with the Army Battle Command System (ABCS). During military operations in the mountainous regions of Bosnia and Kosovo significant limitations of the line-of sight communications led to the addition of a satellite transceiver to the system. With the satellite transceiver operating range of the system increased globally

The need for accurate and timely intelligence is essential to intelligence collection. The military continues research to improve near real-time intelligence platform. The end state is to minimize the amount of time between collection and analysis. After the Vietnam War, the National Security Agency found the need for a mobile communications intelligence (COMINT) platform . A platform that could communicate with ground stations. RC-12 Guardrail (GR) would forever change how the military collected COMINT.

The B-52's electronic countermeasures help it protect itself against a full range of air defense threat systems by using a combination of electronic detection, jamming and infrared countermeasures. The B-52 can also detect and counter missiles engaging the aircraft from the rear. These systems are undergoing continuous improvement in order to enable them to continue to counter emerging threat systems. All B-52s can be equipped with two electro-optical viewing sensors, a forward-looking infrared and advanced targeting pods to augment targeting, battle assessment, and flight safety, thus further improving its combat ability. B-52s are currently upgrading from the Litening Advanced Targeting Pod to the Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod.

This radar is the primary system used for air and surface defense. “How SPY-1 works is that a mechanically rotating radar sends signals or beams outboard from the ship to pick up all targets” (Lockheed Martin). Once the radar receives return signals, the SPY-1 must use a different tracking radar by sending out signals of electromagnetic energy to track and determine what the target is as well as possible threat capabilities. Another reason why SPY-1 is the spear head for US Navy radar systems is its ability to track over one hundred targets at a time. “Some strengths of the SPY-1 that other radar do not have is it’s fast reaction and ability to detect and send a missile in less than ten seconds, fast transition from SPY-1 silent to full radiate, and its large field of fire with minimal blockage zones” (AN/SPY-1, 2000). The most important advantage of the SPY-1 is its ability to be linked with the Aegis system and how they work together to create one multi-functional defense system. SPY-1 is able to track targets while surveying the area as well as update the command and decision system used by Aegis to engage targets if

Aircraft have always played an important role when taking us to places otherwise inaccessible. Whether it be an airliner with passengers or military carrier, air travel results in faster, more efficient completion of task. The way we navigate the skies can make or break the success of business or military operations. However, there are some dangers that exist. Being thousands of feet up in the sky leaves us prone to catastrophic failure of a component or detection and engagement from defensive air and ground forces. Safety is a must and as a result, advanced technologies, shaped and inspired by renowned conflicts and events, such as “radar jamming systems”, were developed in order to insure the safety of those on the ground and in the sky.

Throughout the next few decades, Patriot continued to improve. The evolution of ADA has gone from a system not originally designed for anti-missile defense into the leading

Air travel has been massively impacted by GPS. Flights are currently tracked by radar18 which mostly works well over well-populated areas but can be problematic over remote, mountainous areas where there are less radar stations or over the ocean. Planes must stick to established routes in these areas and remain more

The Air and Marine Operations Center (AMOC) Phase “B” CONOPS, the AMOC Phase “B” ORD, and the AMOC Phase “B” MNS all contain information detailing threats, capabilities, gaps, mission needs and requirements. While there is no “air domain awareness” specific CONOPS, these documents have several scenarios describing how resources at the AMOC are utilized to achieve Air Domain Awareness. There is also a Tethered Aerostat Radar System Functional Requirements Document (FRD).

The third element is called the In-flight Interceptor Communications System. This is the strategically located ground system that links to the GBI for in-flight targeting. Up to seven pairs of these stations would be created. The next part, X-band/Ground-Based Radar, performs tracking, discrimination, and kill assessments of incoming missiles, providing real-time continuous tracking data to the BMC2. The final part of the missile defense system is the Upgraded Early Warning Radar. These are phased-array surveillance radars, used to detect and track the ballistic missiles. By upgrading the software of existing early warning radars, they would meet the missile defense requirements.

Project Abstract: The following is a discussion of the application of Army Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities which are employed in order to enhance the targeting and effects of the Ar-my’s Cyber Electromagnetic Activities (CEMA) Sections. The aim is to address how the assimila-tion of assets, programs, and capabilities currently available to the Army SIGINT Community by the Army CEMA Sections could significantly enhance their ability to conduct and execute the war-time mission, thereby enhancing the commanders’ understanding of the enemy’s tactical use of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). This, in effect, would also reduce the time invested in acquiring EMS specific information and increase the precision and execution of Electronic Attack (EA), Elec-tronic Protect (EP), and Electronic Warfare Support (ES) by strengthening and