Avignon Papacy Research Paper

1. The pope had lived at Avignon since the reign of King Philip the Fair of France and thus

Castles, palaces, and cathedrals are scattered across Europe. Each one possesses unique characteristics and architecture bearing resemblance of their time. Some castles incorporate Greek influence, roman or gothic influence in design. Other castles and palaces are surrounded by sculptures outside in the courtyard or include sculptures worshiped as an altarpiece. While any one of these things would serve to make an ordinary castle more elaborate there is one palace that possesses all of these: The Palace of Versailles in France. The Palace of Versailles has managed to incorporate classic architecture, exquisite sculptures, and amalgamated the old design with the newer design trends of the day.

Even before the Middle Ages, there had always been tension between the government in the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church. This tension had built over years and years of each trying to become top dog, and be the one true power within the empire. However, during this time national monarchies began to show up, such as England and France. These monarchies outside the empire, were out of its control began to gain their own power. With their newfound power, came even more conflict with the Church. One of the biggest conflicts was between the pope in the Empire and the King of France. These conflicts eventually led to the period of time known as the Avignon Papacy, which lasted about seventy years. The Avignon Papacy was the time during which the pope was moved from Rome to Avignon, just across the river from France. This marked a huge change within the empire, and had several important impacts. These impacts include a loss in Church prestige, the loss of the Roman identity of the Church, as well as a loss of faith in the Church by the people within the empire.

He proclaimed a jubilee year, in which thousands of pilgrims came to Rome, leaving massive amounts of money behind. Then the papacy began to unravel; Pope Boniface VIII excommunicated Philip IV, King of France, who in turn kidnapped the Pope and held him hostage. As a result of his captivity, Pope Boniface VIII died miserably. His successor, Benedict XI, lived for only a short while, and after his death the papal election was deadlocked. The College of the Cardinals finally elected Clement V, a Frenchman, as pope. He then moved to Avignon, which was essentially in France. Seven successive popes ruled out of Avignon; their reigns lasting almost 70 years. Pope Gregory XI then moved to Rome, ending the Avignon papacy. The College of Cardinals then selected Pope Urban VI as pope, but then they regretted it and elected another pope, Pope Clement VII, who moved back to Avignon. The rival popes and their successors continued to rule separately until Pope Martin V was elected by an ecunemiel council. The events of the 14th century weakened the papacy, and some started to see its hypocrisy. The stage was set for an attack on papal power, but not merely its temporal power, as before. The spiritual authority of the Pope as the Vicar of Christ, was about to be under

1.The Pope’s Rebellion occurred in 1680 and was an Indian uprising. This uprising was caused because of the Spanish Roman Catholic’s mission in New Mexico began to oppress the natives by attempting to take from their religious customs. The rebels raided through the Providence destroying churches, killing priests, and slaughtering Spanish settlers along the way. After this attack the Spanish needed almost half a century to regain New Mexico for a second time.

Papal Zouaves helped defend the church with Pope Pius IX. They were a group of Catholic volunteer soldiers who served in the papal army. The Papal Zouaves formed in 1860. They started a recruiting program that recruited people from as far away as Canada. They played a large role in securing our catholic faith.

Aside from marrying into royal families. The Medici family members were Grand dukes in Florence and Tuscany. Guiliano de’ Medici, Lorenzo the Magnificent’s son was Duke of Nemours. He was awarded with the title by the French king Francis I. Lorenzo de’ Medici, son of Piero the Unfortunate was Duke of Urbino. After the family’s exile he accepted the government role from his uncle Pope Leo X and took over after his uncle, Guiliano de’ Medici. Alessandro the duke of Florence, he was the illegitimate son of Pope Clement VII but Lorenzo de’ Medici was his real father. He was named as Duke of Florence in 1532. Cosmso I was made to be Grand duke of Tuscany after Alessandro was murdered. Francesco I, Grand Duke of Tuscany was the second duke of

In the void left by the collapse of the Roman Empire, the bishop of Rome grew even more in both power and prestige beginning in the sixth century and continuing to the reformation in the ninth century. It is the aim of this paper to explain how and why the papacy in Rome became the center of power of the medieval world, the factors contributing to this dominance over Western Europe, and the positive and negative ramifications of the position becoming so powerful. Through this paper you will discover how papacy was able to fill the vacuum of power left by the fall of an empire.

A new era began in 1432 with the ascendency of Cosimo de Medici (13890-1464). As a wealthy banker, Giovanni de Medici (1360-1429), his father, laid the foundation for the staggering fortune that Cosimo used to oust his opponents, including the Albizzi dynasty, who wanted to control Florence and eliminate the powerful Medici dynasty. His inherited wealth also brought the Florentine republic under his control. After Francesco Sforza, a condottiere, or commander of a mercenary army came to power in Milan in 1450. Cosimo ended a war with the Milanese duchy. The Peace of Lodi, the treaty that ended the war, established a balance of power among Italy’s greater states: Florence and Milan on one side and Venice and Naples on the other. This helped

For 67 years, the papacy remained at Avignon, until finally Pope Gregory XI relocated it back to Rome. This

As stated in the introduction, before exploring the imperial universality debate, we must first analyse its ideological and intellectual background. To do so, we shall examine a similar debate that occurred only a few years before between royal and papal authority, epitomised by the conflict between Pope Boniface VIII and King Philip IV of France. According to Joseph Canning, the pontificate of Boniface VIII marked a “watershed between the high and late medieval papacies”. Pennington notes that an interesting parallel exists between Boniface and Emperor Henry VII, as both “laid claims to universal lordship and hoped to breathe new life into an institution that claimed universal jurisdiction over all Christians,” yet they were both “faced with

The speaker initially draws an analogy that just the way fashin of clothing and haristyles changes with the tastes of people changing, the reputation of Authors and Poets changes too overtime. One such Poet named Alexander Pope’s reputation too changed overtime when initially he was mostly judged on his moral and character rather than his poetry and it was only in 1920’s that he was regarded and respected and given the attention he deserved.

In 1610, a Catholic extremist got to Henry's carriage got stuck in traffic, and one of his opponents stabbed him to death. his heir a 9-year old son--Louis XIII. For a time, Henry's wife, Marie de'Medici, ruled as regent for her son. She was a good diplomat, averting a pending war with Spain. But the nobles didn't want her to succeed, and undermined her, using the fact that she was foreign and a woman to stir up trouble. The division in the royal family was exactly what the nobles wanted, weakening royal authority and letting them run things as the liked. Eventually, Louis’ supporters drove Marie into exile and killed some of her administrators .

The Holy Roman Empire was a collection of city states that were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. There were a few states that elected the Emperor and then the Pope christened him King of the Holy Roman Empire. Each state acted independently, but the Holy Roman Emperor would,be able to defend the Empire from foreign enemies and be able to keep the states from attacking each other, which didn’t happen. They were basically a loosely held together alliance.

The environment that the fraternal twins, Julius Benedict and Vincent Benedict grew up in had both significant and insignificant impacts on the development of the “twins”. Environment is a comprehensive term which can refer to the simplest physical environment to the complex social systems where we have interaction with multiple people. (Passer & Smith, 2011) In this context, environment refers to the unshared physical environment the “twins” had while growing up.