Avro Arrow Impact

From a United States and Soviet Union perspective that conveys that the Space Race had a minor impact on the improvisation of United States defense technologies; the Space Race was in a way responsible for the United State’s production of new technology of missiles and defense against intercontinental ballistic missiles. In the late 1950s the United States Air Force started a series of advanced strategic missile projects under the Weapon System WS-199A called Martin's Bold Orion air-launched ballistic missile (ALBM). Similar to ICBMs the purpose of the ALBM was to destroy satellites sent into orbit that posed a intellectual and physical threat to the US. The ALBM was created due to the increasing pressure that the Soviets were to launch a satellite before the United States, and since the United States would not know of the capabilities of this

Canada has constantly looked for a way to prove herself and express her greatness throughout history. In World War One, she proved herself in battle as the Canadians brought home a great victory in Vimy Ridge. Yet, she neglected the one thing that could have brought utmost glory to her name, the Avro Arrow. The Avro Arrow, if it had lived to this day, would have caused a change in history because of its symbolism to Canada; the protection it would have offered would have revolutionized Canadian aerospace.

All because of Canada’s workers intelligence, from scratch, they created the best gear such as handguns, fighter planes, armoured personnel carriers that were to be used overseas. “Canadian industry produced more than 800,000 military transport vehicles, 50,000 tanks, 40,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, and 1,700,000 small arms”. All of these vehicles, and guns were either designed and put onto blue prints in Canada or the United Kingdom but each and every single vehicle and gun was produced in Canada’s factories. Of the eight hundred thousand military vehicles, approximately one hundred sixty eight thousand were issued to Canadian forces. This meant that our Canadian army had an approximate soldier to vehicle ratio of three soldiers to one vehicle. When the Great Britain joined into the Italian campaign, they had eighty thousand vehicles, and seventy five thousand of those were left behind in the evacuation of Dunkirk. Britain relied on Canada to almost “bail” them out with relief vehicles. Once Canada shipped in their obscene amount of vehicles across the Atlantic, the Germans would find themselves overwhelmed and were forced to retreat out of Sicily, thus proving how strong of a threat Canadians posed to the Axis powers. Not only did the contribution of land vehicles support the Allied troops, on the other hand, but the influx of antiaircraft guns help the

With Canada being close to the Soviets geographically, any attack made by them, whether it was a nuclear strike or an air invasion, they would have to go near or over Canadian airspace in order to attack. Therefore Canada and the United States reached an agreement to create an organization which would control Aerospace in North America. This U.S-Canadian organization was called NORAD (The North American Aerospace Defence Command) and was founded on May 12, 1958 . This organization would detect man-made objects coming into North American airspace, such as Soviet bombers or nuclear warheads. This organization uses aircraft to protect North America from attack. While NORAD would control the skies of North America, it would also monitor the Maritime regions as well. Previous to the establishment of this organization, Canada and the United States also agreed to a long series of radar stations in the Canadian arctic. Known as the DEW line (Distant Early Warning), these radar stations would be used to detect Soviet aircraft coming into North American Airspace. In addition to this DEW Line, which stretched from Alaska to Greenland, Canada also had two more lines of radar stations called “The Mid-Canada Line”, and “The Pine Tree Line”. These radar stations were constructed during the Cold War Era to protect North America from potential Soviet invasion, though the radar lines became obsolete with the invention of Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBM), which

Have you ever wondered what influenced the kind of technology we have today? Well, World War II had a lot to do with it. Specifically, the Canadian scientists and inventors that helped Canada during that war. They have created a large amount of the technology we used during World War II and that we still use today. For example, walkie-talkies were made for soldiers in the army to communicate with each other and radars were made to detect the location of aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, and spacecraft. Radars also helped check how the weather conditions were. Furthermore, Canada didn't defeat Germany in World War II by just using bombs and machine guns, Canada defeated Germany because of the scientists and inventors that enhanced and made those

Canada’s contribution in the Allied war effort did not only come from Canadian soldiers, but also from regular, everyday citizens who never saw battle, such as those involved in the Canadian war industry, BCATP, and the Corps of Canadian Firefighters. The Canadian industry supplied a great deal of war materials for the Allies, producing “more than 800,000 military transport vehicles, 50,000 tanks, 40,000 field, naval, and anti-aircraft guns, and 1,700,000 small arms.”6 Canada’s strong war industry was required to produce as much ammunition, weapons, and vehicles as they could in order to defeat Germany, who had great industrial power at the time. In 1939, Canada became the home for major recruiting and training for pilots during the Second World War in an organization called the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. Throughout the war, Canada had graduated 131,533 airmen, including pilots, navigators, bomb aimers, wireless operators, air gunners and flight engineers.7 These men would later become involved in the war in the air, and their numbers would greatly contribute to the Allied air superiority.  During the Battle of Britain, German air forces relentlessly bombarded London and

Along with that, Canadians began to feel a sense of identity, like Canada was truly becoming a country, instead of just any old British colony. Between the time of the First world war and the Second World War, the Royal Canadian Navy was more of a symbol of National pride, as it had played a part in the first world war. However, it still helped deter other invaders and inside

The Korean War ended after a armistice was signed. Now during this time the newly made United Nations (UN) which had 16 countries, one which include Canada, roughly 26,000+ Canadian soldiers went to go and serve in the war. Now after the two world wars, the Korean War remains Canada’s third bloodiest war, which resulted in a lose of 516 Soldiers and more than 1,200 soldiers wounded. Now Canada also made a huge sacrifice with resources, Canadian Warships were sent to Korean waters to help protect the UN carriers. Not only that Canada’s air force also took people from North Korea and brought them to a safer place, also with these planes they brought resources. There were also Canadian fighter pilots who flew with the United

World war 1 held many memorable and proud moments for Canada. One of the moments were made by the flying ace in the Canadian military. His name was Billy Bishop and he was credited with 72 victories, making him the top Canadian ace in World War 1. Also, The Battle of Vimy Ridge toughened Canadian nationalism and pride when they won against Germany. All the Canadians were all so proud of there country and military. Moreover, they thought that Canada’s was superior then all the other countries.

Throughout the time periods of 1914-1945, 1950-1970, and 1971- 1990 Canada was involved in many wars that displayed her independence and strength as a country. The World War One battle of Vimy Ridge, in 1917, was the first grand victory of Canadian forces. The Canadian Corps, under Lieutenant-General Julian Byng, independently overcame the Germans. It was clear that, “[the battle of Vimy Ridge] was a stunning victory. The Canadians had gained more ground, taken more prisoners, and captured more artillery than any previous British offensive in the entire war.” (pg. 38, Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues) This victory gave Canadians a sense of pride and provided Canada with a, “reputation of being an elite fighting force.” (pg. 38, Counterpoints: Exploring Canadian Issues) In 1949, Canada gained more international recognition; though, a negative came with it. She formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with Britain, the United States, and

A former U.S. admiral who follows NATO closely, is dismayed at the decline of the RCN. Even if there were improvements to the Canadian military, it declines. The Canadian government had planned to send its flagship destroyer, HMCS Athabaskan, as “a strong signal to the Russians”, whose ships and aircraft have also been bumping up against Canada’s territorial claims in the Arctic. [Gilmore, Scott, and Meagan Campbell. ["The Sinking Of The Canadian Navy."]. But the 43-year-old Athabaskan was no longer ‘sea-worthy’. The ship was in pretty bad shape. Until recently that the Athabaskan had two sister ships that could have replaced it in at the Trident Juncture (‘Global’ Military (Land, Sea, and Air) Exercise), but both were decommissioned as no longer seaworthy. After years and maybe even decades of neglect, budget cuts and delays, the RCN have no more destroyers. Hansen believes that the only message now that is being sent to Moscow, Russia is that “Canada’s Navy has crapped out and they [the Russians] don’t have to be worried”. The ‘new technologies’ that have improved the Canadian ships are: new remote weapon systems, which includes new weapons such as a 50 Cal HMG loaded with C44 armor piercing ammunition, sea

The raid was a fiasco. About 68 percent of the Canadian force alone was killed, wounded, or captured. Though many people suffered from the raid’s shortcomings, arguably the greatest injustice was meted out to a man who, despite all odds, managed to successfully carry out his vital mission in the raid – Royal Air Force Flight Sgt. Jack

Canada Takes Flight A balloon was the first means of manned flight in 1840 at Saint John, New Brunswick. National and international politics, the national ambitions of Canada, technology, and economics all played substantial factors in Canada’s aviation industry from that time on. In 1909, following the accomplishments of the Wright brothers, the test flights of Bell’s Silver Dart put aviation experiments in motion throughout Canada. The benefit of the use of military aircraft during war times were a direct result of the development of Canada’s experimental phase, and many Canadians were members of the British Royal Flying Corps throughout World War 1. Transportational Aircraft After the war came to an end, aircraft became a necessary means

Fast, battle-worthy, and capable of dropping bombs, the Avro Arrow would have been the one project to affirm Canada’s continued superpower status in the post-war world. The Avro Arrow (CF-105) was a supersonic, twin engined, all weather interceptor aircraft to counter the threat of Soviet bombers in the Canadian north. This aircraft was a major leap forward in Canadian technology and should have still been built and operated despite US pressure. Canada's greatest aeronautical achievement was the CF-105 jet fighter, and the cancellation of the project in 1959 still remains a story of political intrigue and controversy. The CF-105, or Avro Arrow as it was known, was a supersonic jet interceptor developed by A.V. Roe of Canada.

In 1946, the RCAF decided to supplant the front line fighter plane with two place, twin-engined interceptors, later acknowledged as the Avro Arrow. In 1949, the Soviet Union had tested its first nuclear weapon, and almost developed bombers capable of striking North America sparking the urgent need for long range interceptors. In 1953, the design and development of the Arrow began within the Royal Canadian Air Force. However, in 1959 Prime Minister Diefenbaker announced that the project was to be revoked due to bad timing, a conversion in politics as the conservatives rose to power, and the overall cost of the program rising drastically. This cancellation caused many people to lose their jobs. The Arrow was not just another aircraft; it was