Axillary Case Study

p.483 The cell bodies of primary-order neurons or pain-transmitting neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia just lateral to the spine along the sensory pathways that penetrate the posterior part of the cord. The second order neurons are found in the dorsal horn (p.484) Most nociceptive information tranvels by means of ascending columns in the lateral spinothalamic tract (also called the anterolateral funiculus). The principal target for nociceptive afferents is the thalamus (the major relay station of sensory information in general) Third order neurons project to portions of the CNS involved in the processing and interpretation of pain, the chief areas being the reticular and limbic systems and cerebral cortex. (p 484)

Upper chest, sub sternal radiating to neck and jaw, sub sternal radiating down left arm, epigastric, epigastric radiating to neck, jaw, and arms, neck and jaw, left shoulder ad down both arms, and intrascapular

1. The anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the

|Second rib: bilateral, at the second costochondral junctions, just lateral to the junctions on the upper surfaces. |

The structure that furnishes the axis for the rotation of the head from side to side is the:

What are the different levels of organization of a muscle down to myofilaments? What is a “sarcomere” and how are its proteins organized?

Movement of the deltoid begins in the cerebrum of the brain, but more specifically: in the frontal lobe, the premotor cortex is relaying instructions to the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex contains the upper motor neurons whose axons will travel down the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and synapse on lower motor neurons in the anterior gray horns of spinal cord segments C5-C6. From there, the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C6 form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, which splits into two divisions. We will follow the posterior division that supplies to extensor muscles. This posterior division then runs into the posterior cord from which the axillary nerve is derived. The axillary nerve’s motor end innervates the deltoid through its neuromuscular junction.

The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.

9. Pacinian Corpuscles connective tissue wrapped around a nerve ending located in the deep layers of skin.

The numbers N1, N2, and N3 describe the size, location, and/or the number of lymph nodes involved. The higher the N number, the more the lymph nodes are involved.

Q4: Pectoral major is a muscle located in the chest region; it originates from the proximal part of the humerus. Its function is to adduct and rotate the arm. A bicep is a muscle that has two heads or point of origin. Biceps femoris is a muscle located at the back of the thigh, and its function is to flex the knee joint.

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “The Musclar System.” Anatomy & Physiology.

16. Distinguish between (a) direct and indirect muscle attachments and (b) tendon and an aponeurosis.

The Rhomboid Orgin is located near the spinous process of C7 and T1-T5 and the insertion is located near the medial boarder of scapula below the spine. This action intended for this muscle is to draw the scapula toward spinal column creating a downward rotation and a elevation of the mthe anterior deltoiuts that target this muscle Rhomboid row and the isometric contraction. The third muscle is called the pectoralis minor. The orgin of this muscle is located near the Anterior surfaces 3rd to 5th ribs. The Insertion is located near the Coracoid process of the scapula. The action of this muscle is to draw the scapula forwad in a downward rotation and depress the muscle. Workouts that target the pectorials minor are the dumbbell

VanPutte, C., Regan, J. Russo, A., Seely, R., Stephens, T., & Tate, P. 2014. Seely’s Anatomy