Ayers: A Concern For False Recognition And Profiling

Every individual in the world is different in some way from the person standing next to them. People differ in their culture, ethnicity, race, religion, personality, styles, interest, appearance and more. It is understood that someone may be similar to you not one person will be exactly like you. Growing up it is important for one to understand the differences of other people and show a level of respect for them. As human-beings, people typically learn through experiences. However, these experiences have the tendency to alter the way people perceive other individuals. Racial profiling, a term used more frequently when dealing with law enforcement, is defined as “any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security or public protection

Profiling people can cause a brick wall to be built between one another; a wall that cannot easily be knocked down. The person that is doing the profiling has to take the bricks down one-by-one as if each brick reveals information, beyond physical appearance. Once the wall is down a transparent window forms with a beautiful view. There is more to a person than their exterior and class, just like there is more to room then walls. When profiling someone, people do not look past the brick wall; they build it higher and higher. When someone takes the time to get to know someone else the wall comes downs; at that time, people get a clear view of who people are, which could be beautiful. Profiling causes people to become engulfed by other people 's perceptions of who they are and becomes a conflict between racial heritage and human nature. Through the characters, setting, and tone of “Flight Patterns,” Sherman Alexie shows that profiling can lead to the misinterpretation of who someone is.

Racial Profiling is unconstitutional and illegal, yet it’s still used in law enforcement. The practice of racial profiling, as defined by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), refers to the “discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual's race, ethnicity, religion or national origin”(ACLU 2005). Racial profiling causes more harm than good, it can cause emotional, mental and more often physical harm to the person being subjected to the practice. According to the Fourth and Fourteenth amendments, racial profiling is unconstitutional. It causes distrust in law enforcement because ethnic

In the past, it has been shown that criminal profiling does work and has helped to apprehend serial killers, rapists, arsonists, and other criminals, if it had proved to be ineffective the FBI would have put resources into other tactics, but they have not. That being said, it is apparent that criminal profiling does work to an extent, but the amount of accuracy remains unknown. Although there has been research into finding the accuracy of criminal profiling there has not been a lot, proving that it is a field that needs more attention. For the research that has been done, interest has tended to fluctuate because of the uniqueness of the topic. Criminal profiling has as much to do with inferences about the perpetrator as it does

Racial profiling impacts the lives of African Americans, Asians, Latinos, South Asians, and the Arab communities (Persistence of racial and ethnic profiling in the United States: a follow-up report to the U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 12). Profiling based on race stems from racism, and has lastingly marked and structured the society of the United States (10). In some aspects, it is considered a violation of human rights; therefore, acts then started to develop (12). For example, the United States introduced the Subsequent End of Racial Profiling Acts to Congress in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009, but they

Even the United States struggles with issues of racial discrimination despite being a society highly based on immigrants and multicultural diversity. On one hand, people frown on treatment based on race, whether that is on an individual or group level. On the other, people are tired and annoyed by the seemingly constant call of discrimination. All of these feelings culminate into the debate pertaining to the use of racial profiling. Likewise, there are some individuals that hold a certain level of acceptance in regard to racial profiling. However, what is lost in the process because of that acceptance? There are many components that need to be thought about in reference to the use of racial profiling. In addition, it can be viewed

Muffler, S. (2006). Racial profiling: Issues, data, and analyses (pp. 32-33). New York: Nova Science.

Criminal profiling has become a very popular and controversial topic. Profiling is used in many different ways to identify a suspect or offender in a criminal investigation. “Criminal profiling is the process of using behavioral and scientific evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology” (Torres, Boccaccini, & Miller, 2006, p. 51). “The science of profiling rests on two foundation blocks, basic forensic science and empirical behavioral research. Forensic science includes blood spatter analysis, crime scene reconstruction, and autopsy evidence. Empirical behavioral research identifies offender typologies, relates crime behaviors to suspect

Racism and racial stereotypes have existed throughout human history. The radical belief associated by thinking the skin color, language, or a person’s nationality is the reason that someone is one way or another has become extremely detrimental to society. Throughout human existence it has sparked tension between groups of people and ultimately influenced wars and even caused slavery. Racism in America dates back to when Native Americans were often attacked, relocated, and assimilated into European culture. Since then, racism within the states has grown to include various other cultures as well. In the essays by Brent Staples, Bharati Mukherjee, and Manuel Munoz, they discuss the various causes as well as the effects that racial stereotyping can place on a victim and the stigma it leaves behind for the society to witness.

There was a sort of profiling which took place, as people with certain e-mail addresses were immediately suspected. As in earlier societies, the traditions were quickly established which defines what was and wasn’t considered as acceptable behavior. Those traditions still persists in many areas and influence the online behavior. As with common law in earlier societies, these rules are now finding their way into formal legislation as governing bodies introduce bills aiming at criminalizing spam and other such

The idea of proactive profiling is representative of making judgments about another, relative to possible criminal activity. The factors of a person’s race, manner of dress, grooming, behavioral characteristics, and the circumstances surrounding the observation of these factors plays a role in proactive profiling (Ibe, Ochie, & Obiyan, 2013, p. 184). When law enforcement officials profile criminals, this valuable tool is used to focus on such things as traits and characteristics, personality, and behavior. Once the underlying factors are discovered, this information becomes divided into specific categories for

Many critics of criminal profiling presume that criminal profiles are usually too big to create the desired picture and that it takes a little more than common sense to successfully profile a criminal. If we are to acknowledge that profiling is a science, then it is only so because psychology as a science comes into focus in the solving of crimes. It is and has been proven possible, that the psychological study of people helps in the determination of their behavioral dispositions accurately. Going from this statement, it is thus of importance to realize the fact that criminal profiling is a major asset to many law enforcement agencies as some crimes are just not ordinary, and require specific studies into their nature for a proper profile to be acquired.

In effect, people are unknowingly being put in suspect lineups without their awareness or consent. This can lead to false accusations against innocent citizens. Most police departments still rely on officers to verify that the suspect chosen by the face recognition software actually matches the camera footage. However, humans shockingly make an error in this process once in every two cases (Bedoya, Alvaro, et al 2016). In some instances, it is not only this human error that is leading to their conviction but rather the system itself. A study, co-authored by the FBI, said that the facial recognition software is actually less accurate when it comes to identifying African Americans. Systems relying on mugshot databases have a disproportionate number of African Americans due to their high arrest rates in America. This creates “racial biased error rates,” that perpetuate implicit and systemic racism in our society (Bedoya, Alvaro, et al 2016). But for American citizens in general, in any crime being solved by using face databases, anyone is a potential suspect. Because of this, regulations should be put in place to limit the use of this technology to cases where its use is relevant and vital to solving the issue.

The journal focuses on the ethical and legal issue affecting criminal profiling. First, there not a single peer-reviewed system of measurement practices that has been developed. In addition, there is no agreed methodology of conducting criminal profiling. It means there is no scientific basis upon which profiling underlies. The media also portrays profiling as a romantic or heroic profession, hence resulting in an inappropriate perception of profiling. Criminal profiling can also be at times undesirable as it can lead to delays as it can suggest inappropriate directions or suspects in an investigation.

Profiling an advantageous tool for criminologists, the F.B.I, and the A.T.F. are a few who use the practice for its intended purpose. The organizations listed prior use this practice correctly and with proper jurisdiction and supervision of these practices. None the less though there are other groups who practice profiling in a very improper way. One such group you would never have expected capable of this except in movies and books , this is something the school systems should be ashamed of but have let it be continued for years, this a long standing habit all the same. Parents should know this is happening the U.S. school systems has been profiling students for a very long time and has yet to be reprimanded enough to stop this horrid and