B-Complex Vitamin Group Lab Report

Vitamins are primarily classified by solubility. Some vitamins are soluble in water and others are soluble in fat. “According to The National Institute of Health, the body needs 13 vitamins for normal health.” This includes vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12 and folate. Each of these vitamins provides a variety of functions to the body which can be obtained from a well balanced diet (Farris, 2012).

To understand why the public’s health is in a precipitous decline it’s best to first look into the case of nutritional deficiency; are we getting all the vitamins and minerals our bodies require? One of the core issues is the misinformation on what a vitamin really is and why one should be concerned about this. The Food and Drug Administration has a firm stance that these synthetic vitamins

Similar to carbohydrates and proteins, vitamins are hydrophilic or water soluble, and hydrophobic or non-water soluble similar to lipids. Water soluble vitamins include the b vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, and B12) and vitamin C. Hydrophobic, fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. The water soluble vitamins are found in the watery compartments of food and once absorbed, move directly into the blood where they travel freely. Once water soluble vitamins reach the cells, they circulate freely in the water filled compartments of the cell. The kidneys monitor the blood detecting and removing small

It is a coenzyme that participates in DNA synthesis and methylation, energy production and normal folate metabolism. The recommended dietary allowance for pregnant women increase to 2.6 ug/day and it can be found in meat, dairy products, supplements and some fortified foods. Vitamin B12 deficiency is often associated with adverse pregnancy outcome such as preeclampsia, due to malabsorption. Normally, vitamin B12 is absorbed by allowing the attachment of Vitamin B12 to R-proteins to form the R-B12 complex with pepsin, transporting the complex into the small intestine with the release of intrinsic factor from the parietal cell, splitting Vitamin B-12 from it’s protein binding site to bind to intrinsic factor with protease, and attaching it to the enterocytes in the ileum to get internalized by endocytosis. The recommended dietary allowance during pregnancy is 2.6

• Biotin, which is regularly called vitamin B7 is got from clams, organ meats or mushrooms. Biotin supports cell division and progress and it is predominant participate in is to transform meals into vigour.

The Vitamin B6 is one of the eight vitamin B’s that help convert food into fuel and also help the body with metabolism. Another way this vitamin is important is that it’s needed for healthy skin, hair, eyes, and liver. This vitamin also helps with the properly functioning of the nervous system. All

In conclusion, vitamin B12 is one of the many essential vitamins our bodies need to function properly. The deficiency of vitamins due to diet or the in ability to produce it can lead to life-threatening diseases or consequences. Although we may believe they are not important, many of them are used as coenzymes to activate an enzyme needed for essential reactions within the body. If those reactions do not take place, there is the possibility of serious consequence. So the next time your mom tells you to eat your vegetables, listen to her because she might just be saving your

1) Vitamin B- Vitamins B1 (thiamin), B6 (pyridoxine) and B12, which are found in fruits and vegetables in right quantities, are necessary to maintain the nervous system balance. They also help to keep our mind sharp and focused.

Vitamin B12, is a vitamin that is essential in a human being’s diet. It is usually water soluble and it creates energy in the body by converting consumed carbohydrates into the form of glucose. This vitamin is required by the body for production of red blood cells, the myelin sheath that usually surrounds the nerve cells and also other proteins

Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate makes your body destroys the cells in your stomach that help in absorbing the vitamin. Symptoms of vitamin B 12 or folate deficiency are similar to symptoms caused by other types of anemia, such as fatigue, weakness, and paleness. Vitamin B 12 deficiency can also cause nerves to malfunction, causing tingling, loss of sensation, and muscle weakness. Severe vitamin B 12 deficiency may cause confusion. Folate deficiency may cause diarrhea and may cause the tongue to swell. Zinc deficiency causes hair loss, skin lesions, loss of smell or taste, and spots on

In order to have a healthy nervous system Vitamin B12 must be included in adequate amounts in the diet (Abyad, 2016). It is, according to Abyad (2016), needed for DNA synthesis and to regenerate damaged nerves. Vitamins B12 and B6 are both crucial for nerve function (Stubblefield et al., 2009). Further, it is known that a vitamin B12 deficiency is a contributory factor in peripheral neuropathy, and that this may, in fact, cause a predisposition to CIPN (Schloss et al., 2015; Solomon, 2016). There are numerous studies, including retrospective, phase II, and double-blind studies on the use of vitamin B12 for the treatment of CIPN (Stubblefield et al., 2009; Schloss, Colosimo & Vitetta, 2016; Schloss et al., 2015).

Vitamin B12 (also known as Cyanocobalamin and Cobalamin) is one of eight B-vitamins. Commonly, all B-vitamins help in the conversion of carbohydrates to glucose, producing energy. Vitamin B12 main role is in maintaining healthy nerve cells and aids in the body’s DNA replication. Also, it works closely with other vitamins such as B6 and B9 (also known as Folate/Folic Acid) to help make red blood cells and increase iron’s efficacy in the body, create adenosylmethionine (SAMe) that is involved in immune and mood function, and control blood levels of the amino acid-homocysteine. High levels of homocysteine are associated with heart disease. Overall, it is found that low levels of vitamin B12 can cause fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, numbness, peripheral neuropathy (in severe cases), anemia, and age-related macular degeneration.1

Multiple studies have concluded that multivitamins can do more harm than good if taken on a daily basis by healthy individuals. Specifically, scientific studies consistently show that vitamin supplements don’t prevent disease. Moreover, numerous studies found that the average mortality rate of patients who took daily multivitamin supplements increased. Equally important is that research on multiple vitamins show that “overdosing” on vitamins can lead to disease. The ingestion and distribution of vitamins are not controlled. This means that even if tissues in your body have too much of a certain

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential cofactor for many processes in the human body. The vitamin is essential in the diet, meaning that the body is not capable of producing vitamin B12 or its derivatives without obtaining the raw vitamin through ingestion. Although animals cannot produce cobalamin, organisms belonging to the domains bacteria and archaea are capable of synthesizing it. Many foods are fortified with B vitamins in order to maintain vitamin levels in the population. The recommended intake of Vitamin B12 in order to maintain proper health for an average adult is 2.4 micrograms per day. The main dietary sources of the vitamin are fish, meat, dairy and fortified foods.

TPP, the biologically active form of vitamin B1, is an important enzyme cofactor in the mitochondria [4]. In addition, TPP participates as a cofactor of transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway, a cofactor of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC) [5]. Although loss of cofactor can explain in part for loss of enzyme activity, thiamine and its phosphorylated derivatives may also regulate the mediate expression of genes encoding these proteins [6].