BS101 Unit 4 Short Answer Question (SAQ) Essay

Measuring the Rate Oxygen Production using an Oxygen Electrode Chamber in Photosynthesis of Spinacia oleracea with Varying Light Intensities

Have you ever really wondered how different variables can affect how plants go through photosynthesis? Well, in this experiment, the purpose was to see how various environmental conditions can affect the overall photosynthetic capacity of a specific plant. The factors, light, darkness, cold, and heat were applied to see how the different components would affect the photosynthesis on spinach plants. Each group was given a different factor to test. Out group was given the light factor. The hypothesis for this experiment is that when adding light as a factor, the light will affect the overall plant photosynthesis.

The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of white, green, and dark light on a photosynthetic plant using a volumeter and followed by the calculation of the net oxygen production using different wavelengths color of white and green light, and also the calculation of oxygen consumption under a dark environment, and finally the calculation of the gross oxygen production.

Abstract: Photosynthesis, the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic glucose molecules using light energy, is one of the most biologically important processes on Earth. It is imperative to study how the rapidly increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution may affect photosynthesis of photoautotrophs. In this experiment, a look is taken at the question: does inorganic carbon availability affect photosynthetic activity. This experiment uses bicarbonate as the inorganic carbon source, and analyzes how varying concentrations of bicarbonate may affect the photosynthetic activity of the South American aquatic plant Egeria densa (also known as Elodea densa) by measuring its O2 production in distilled water and 0.1%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% sodium bicarbonate solutions. T-tests between the control (distilled water) and each bicarbonate treatment are conducted using the online program GraphPad. All tests results in a p-value greater than 0.05 and a calculated t-value greater than the critical t-value, thus rejecting the null hypothesis, indicating that inorganic

L. Relate the functions of the antenna complex and the reaction center in a chloroplast

The rate of photosynthesis can be determined different ways. Because oxygen is a product of photosynthesis and the Elodea plant is submerged in water, the oxygen is released in bubbles that rise to the surface of the water in the beaker. In this experiment, the rate of photosynthesis for each degree of light intensity can be measured by counting the number of bubbles released every 30 seconds for five minutes at each distance. The rate is the number of bubbles released per minute.

Photosynthesis is a vital process that requires to utilize energy for plants. This experiment was done to evaluate the effects of carbon availability on photosynthetic activity. The aquatic plant Elodea densa was placed into sodium bicarbonate solutions of five concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1.0%, in five independent trials (excluding the negative control treatment of water). The temperature and light intensity was constant. The results indicated a directly proportional relationship between the availability of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis of Elodea Densa, as photosynthesis continued to increase with increasing amounts of bicarbonate. The most O2 amount of oxygen produced was with the 0.7% NaHCO3 concentration and least with the control of water. The null hypothesis that stated carbon concentration does not affect rate of photosynthesis of the aquatic plant was rejected. The predicted hypothesis that an increase in bicarbonate concentrations results in an increase in the photosynthetic rate was accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant increase in photosynthetic activity as the concentration of NaHCO3 increases.

The light-dependent reactions produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into energy and NADHP. The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid.

This experiment demonstrates the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis by examining the behavior of leaf disks in different pH solutions under light. In this experiment, we used five different pH levels: pH 5, pH 6, pH 7, pH 8 and pH 9. These solutions were created using a combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Spinancia olcerea or spinach, leaves were used in the experiment to examine the effects of pH on the rate of photosynthesis. The rate of photosynthesis was measured by counting the number of leaf disks that rose to the surface of the solution after each minute. In acidic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis increased while in basic solutions, the rate of photosynthesis decreased.

– Light-harvesting complexes (pigment molecules bound to proteins) transfer the energy of photons to the reaction center There is electron flow in the photosystems & the production of ATP & NADPH using light energy

The site for photosynthesis is chloroplast that captures light by pigment molecules called chlorophylls. High-energy electrons with great reducing potential are produced in this process. These electrons are used to produce NADPH

photosynthesis happens in two stages: light reaction and carbon fixation also known as calvin cycle.light reaction TAKES PLACE IN THYLAKOID USE light energy to produces atp and nadph whereas, calvin cycle takes place instroma uses energy derived from light dependent reaction to make GA3P from CO2 ( Bio166 lab execise manual, 2015). the purpose of this experiment was to separate plant

Chloroplast can capture sunlight with the help of chlorophyll pigment and is responsible for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is divided into light and dark reactions:

Because chlorophyll-a takes in violet-blue, and orange-red lights to use in photosynthesis, it reflects green, and that is the color we see. This study investigates the relationship between the wavelength of light and the total respiration of the plant Elodea. The purpose is to see the effect of the presence or absence of certain wavelengths can have on the process of photosynthesis. Because Elodea is a plant that reflects green light, it can be assumed that red lights, the complimentary color to green will be absorbed the most contributing to the process of photosynthesis and respiration making the most oxygen.

     To metabolic pathways involved in photosynthesis are light reaction and dark reaction. The first stage of the photosynthetic system is the light-dependent reaction, which converts solar energy into chemical energy. Light absorbed by chlorophyll or other photosynthetic pigments is used to drive a transfer of electrons and hydrogen from water to and acceptor called NADP , reducing it to the form of NADPH by adding a pair of electrons and a single proton. The water or some other donor molecule is split in the process. The light reaction also generates ADP, a process called photophosphorylation. ATP is a versatile source of chemical energy used in most biological processes. The light reaction produces no carbohydrates such as sugars.