Backscatter Research Paper

- Even though the X-ray expose patient to harmful radiation it is used to see inside the human body and diagnose broken bones, gallstones and later tuberculosis.

X-rays are used to guide tubes or cameras through the body. It is used to look at the heart, lungs, and chest walls. They can also be used to rule out any other conditions that might be causing the weaknesses.

X-rays are electromagnetic waves of very short wavelength and high frequency, in the range 0.001nm to 10nm. Due to their high frequency (therefore meaning high energy), x-rays penetrate flesh and may cause ionization of atoms they encounter. The body tissue absorbs energy and the intensity of the beam is reduced when x-rays pass through the body. Denser material, such as bone, absorbs more X-radiation.

All of our X-rays are digital, using 90 percent less radiation to get an even more accurate image of your mouth. And we use ViziLite Plus, which uses ultraviolet light to help detect signs of oral cancer.

Another concern that has risen from the body scan security debacle is the potential health risk that the scans may cause to the passengers, especially in cases of frequent fliers, young children, pregnant women, and the security guards that operate the machines. The scanners put out radiation much like the average X ray machines used in doctor’s offices but at much lower levels. This type of X ray scanner is called “backscatter scanners” and scans only detailed images of the outer flesh, not through the skin or showing bones like conventional X rays. Some supporters of the body scanners claim that the amount of radiation emitted by the scans is almost “insignificant” on normal adults (“Experts”). Although adequate testing has still not been completed to determine the full effects of repeated exposure, the concern still remains. Many OBGYN’s urge pregnant women to opt out of the body scans because a developing fetus is so much more sensitive to any potential harm that may be inflicted by the scanners, especially until more research has been completed (“Experts”).

The biggest difference is if a surgeon looks at an MRI it looks like a shoulder but if a surgeon looks at an ultrasound it may look like a snow storm.

Normal Chest Radiograph Chest imaging is crucial in the practice of pulmonary and critical care medicine. It is essential that The respiratory therapist (RT) have a solid understanding Of chest imaging to facilitate patient assessment. Various chest imaging modes exist, including conventional Chest film (more accurately called a radiograph or roentgenogram After Roentgen, who first discovered the x-ray Beam), computed tomography (CT) scanning, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Chest radiograph ( chest X-ray) is an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials opaque to light. It produces a photographic or digital image of the internal composition of something, especially a part of the body, produced by X-rays being passed through it and being absorbed to different degrees by different materials.

These images call for up to 90% less radiation than with standard film type x-rays. Instead of making use of the traditional silver-oxide x-ray film that must be formulated and then fixed in caustic and ecologically harmful solutions, the new system calls for pictures by way of a small digital sensing unit and it then immediately sends a Image of the tooth on to the video monitor in the treatment room. Therefore, we can easily see your teeth and surrounding components Instantly. Not only does the new digital x-ray do away with the typical wait for x-ray film to be prepared, but it also is highly sensitive, so that patients are exposed to even less radiation than with conventional x-rays.

Since the technologies being used only bounce waves of the body surface, this leaves then skin highly exposed to concentrated amounts of radiation. Health side effect studies of full body scanners have been labeled classified and inaccessible to the general public. Four professors from the University of California- San Francisco, whom are well respected cancer, X-ray crystallographers and imaging experts stated in a letter to the Obama administration that, “The low-energy rays do a “Compton scatter” off tissue layers just under the skin, possibly exposing some vital areas and leaving the tissues at risk of mutation. When an X-ray Compton scatters, it doesn’t shift an electron to a higher energy level; instead, it hits the electron hard enough to dislodge it from its atom.” The authors note that this process is “likely breaking bonds,” which could cause mutations in cells and raise the risk of cancer (Johnston). Furthermore, the UCSF researchers write in their letter, “older passengers are more susceptible to mutagenic effects of X-rays, and “the risk of

In DXA the production of photons, based on the use of an X-ray tube (18), leads to shorter imaging times (less than 5 min) with enhanced resolution and improved accuracy than in DPA using a radionuclide source. Like DPA, this technique determines BMD in two dimen¬sions (from an anterior-posterior image). A DXA scanner consists of a mobile X-ray source, an examination table for the patient, and a de¬tection system that detects radiation emerging from the bones being examined. The X-ray source is under the examination table and moves together with the detection system, which is located opposite the X-ray source and over the patient’s body (18).

Computed Tomography imaging also known as CT or a CAT scan, combines a series of x-ray images taken from different angles and uses computer processing to create cross- sectional images also known as slices of the bones, blood vessels, and soft tissue inside the body. The CT scan reveals anatomic details of internal organs that cannot be seen on conventional x-rays. A motorized table moves the patient through a circular opening of the CT scanner known as the gantry which houses the x-ray tube. As the patient passes through the CT system, the x-rays rotates around the opening. A beam of x-rays exposes the patient as the table moves in and out of the scanner in a series of phases. Detectors on the opposite side of the patient record the x-rays exiting that section of the patients’ body. They then produce cross-sectional views or slices. The data is then sent to a computer to reconstruct all of the individual

With this stability and mass production, x-rays machines became very common everywhere. From large factories, to doctors offices, all the way to the corner store of small towns, where children and adults alike could insert a coin into a machine and view the bones in their feet. (3.) Because of their relative adolescences in the world, not much was known about x-rays or their effects on the human body. The first theories about the rays’ effects on the human body were that they had beneficial applications. With this being the only theory about their effect, widespread use went on, unmonitored, and unregulated. This unregulated use led to injuries but because of their slow onset the injuries were never attributed to x-rays. While some scientists tied certain skin burns to over exposure of x-rays it wasn’t until popular minds of the world like Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla and William J. Morton expressed that they experienced eye pain when dealing with the rays for extended periods of time that people began to connect the dots and understand the negative

An X-Ray has better power than a radio wave. An X-Ray has 10 million times more the energy than a radio wave. That is why radio waves don’t hurt us but X-rays can.

Backscatter technology to work, it has to emit a small dose of radiation. This is where the

An ultrasound has its differences to an x-ray. X-ray for example, exposes the patient to hazardous amounts of iodizing radiation, while an ultrasound uses no radiation and relies on innocuous soundwaves. An ultrasound detects soft tissue and internal organs not detailed imagery of bones and dense tissue like an x-ray. An ultrasound uses very advanced technology to present detailed photographic imaging. An ultrasound has many advantages over an x-ray such as being able to detect