abundant type of organism on the planet, bacteriophages present a solution that is species-specific and has less side effects than antibiotics, since eukaryotic cells lack the phage receptors needed for a phage infection.16 Of the two types of bacteriophages, lytic and lysogenic, lytic phages are of great interest due to the fact that they replicate in and subsequently lyse the bacterial host cell.16 In a study conducted by Karamoddini et al., antibiotic resistant samples of Klebsiella species were
Mathews, 2013). Tetracycline is used to treat bacterial infections, including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections; acne; infections of skin, genital and urinary systems; and the infection that causes stomach ulcers (Tetracycline 2010). The easiest way for tetracycline resistant bacteria to be transmitted to humans is through the consumption of food (Gevers, 2000). Plants are exposed to antibiotic sprays to prevent Fire Blight, a bacterial disease common in apples and pears (Stockwell
Randhawa 1 Zorawar Randhawa Mrs. Eideh Honors Biology 8 June 2015 Effects of Antibiotics Bacterial Growth Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic, measuring 1 micron in length. However, colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. When considering the pH level, bacteria are classified as either acidophiles (acid-loving), neutrophiles (neutral ph range), or alkaliphiles
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacteria that can be found on the nose and other respiratory areas, present in about one-third of the population. ‘Staphylococcus’ comes from Greek language, translating into “cluster of grapes” to describe the spherical berry shape of the bacteria and ‘aureus’ translates to “gold” in Latin. That being said, Staphylococcus aureus is golden in nature. When stained and observed under a microscope, it retains a dark purple color and is known to be Gram-positive bacteria. A staining method
The Evolution of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Since antibiotics, such as penicillin, became widely available in the 1940s, they have been called miracle drugs. They have been able to eliminate bacteria without significantly harming the other cells of the host. Now with each passing year, bacteria that are immune to antibiotics have become more and more common. This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are
The overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, “an increasingly serious threat
The coral holobiont consists of many different living components. In this paper, the main focus will be on the bacterial community of the coral holobiont. Since there has already been extensive study on algal interaction with the coral, the aim of this paper is to shed light on some of the lesser studied micro ecological communities and the implications that it has on the macro-ecological level of the ecosystem. In order to study the coral holobiont and the micro-ecological systems involved, a
Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria Antibiotics have always been considered a prodigious innovation. Antibiotics being introduced have established resistance in individuals, animals, and all living organisms. Antibiotics were first discovered in 1932 by Alexandar Fleming, who presented the work that led to production of penicillin. His determination has made an impact to antibiotic medications that are used to destroy bacteria. The use of antibiotics resulted with successful
resistance bacteria became evident as Fleming predicted earlier. With the rapid development of infectious disease associated with antibiotic resistance forced us to change the way we view disease and the way we treat patients. However, antibiotic use has not been without consequence and several factors had contributed to the development of resistance. Some resistances are due to spontaneous mutation and these mutations are for select antibiotic resistance whilst other bacteria tend to steal
substance present in fungi, which inhibits the growth and production of bacterial infections. The discovery of the first antibiotic, penicillin, was a turning point in medical history, as illnesses that were once perceived as difficult to treat or even fatal, now had a possible treatment. After the discovery of penicillin, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics become common in many different professions. This has resulted in bacteria becoming less easily detected due to structural changes, with some even