Bacteria Destroying The Human Body

Bacterial growth is documented in different phases. The lag phase, is when the bacterial cell increases in. The log phase, is when the cells increase in number. The stationary phase, is when cells begin to die off. The decline phase, is when the number of dead cells exceeds the number of cells being made. These different phases differ in the environment the bacteria is grown

- ingestion into the stomach and gut (pathogens ingested and swallowed, which can cause e.g. salmonella and norovirus),

Background information: In this lab you will be looking at the growth of bacteria under different conditions to see the how populations of bacteria grow. Read about cells in the text or e-text. For everyone, in your e-text read chapter 13, sections 13.3 and 13.4 to learn more about bacteria. Then answer the questions below.

this means that is the optimal temperature, but in bacterial occur in less time than in fungal

Bacteria are small, unicellular prokaryotic microbes. They have many morphologies, which include rod-shaped, spherical, spirals, helices, stars, cubes, and clubs. Classification of bacteria begins with either aerobic (requiring diatomic oxygen for growth) or anaerobic (not requiring O2 for growth). Bacteria can simply be narrowed down to gram positive (organism that stains purple or blue by Gram stain) or gram negative (organism that stains red or pink by Gram stain). Many physical and nutritional factors influence bacterial growth. Physical factors include temperature (psychrophiles, thermophiles, and mesophiles), pH (neutrophiles, acidophiles, and alkalinophiles), O2 concentration (aerobic

Germs are chemicals in our bodies that can either be good or they can be bad for us. Germs are tiny organisms that can cause a disease. According to Frontier it says, “Germs are so small and sneaky that they creep into our bodies without being noticed. In fact, germs are so tiny that you need to use a microscope to see them. “ There are 4 different types of major germs: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa. Germs can be in plants, animals, and people. Germs affect everything around, that is why people should wash their hands and use hand sanitizer after they touch their faces or go to the bathroom. In the next 2 paragraphs there will facts on how germs are good and how germs are bad.

The lag phase is when the organisms are first place into a new medium and will take time to get used the their new environment. During this phase, organisms will grow in size but cannot replicate. The next phase is the log phase. In this phase cells are dividing and growing at a very fast rate. DNA replication begins in this phase as well as their metabolic rate starts to increase rapidly. (Bacterial Growth Curve) Cells divide by binary fission. The organisms will eventually reach maximum growth and start to level off beginning the next phase, the stationary phase. In this phase, the bacterial population will start to slow down and stop dividing because the nutrients needed for them to grow are being used up. The pH and temperatures start to shift making the environment and unfavorable one and the accumulation of waste and toxic metabolites the growth starts to die off, transitioning into the last and final stage. (Bacterial Growth Curve) The death phase is when there is longer any nutrients to grow and to much waste has built up along with toxic materials, killing the cells. However, some organisms can withstand this environment and begin to produce endospores. (Bacterial Growth Curve)

The other cycle is the lysogenic cycle, which does not involve the lysis of the host cell but rather integrate with its bacterial chromosome, creating a prophage which has the capacity of producing other Phages. This also means that whenever the bacteria undergoes mitosis, its daughter cells will also have the prophage.

Examples of bacterial germs that are harmful are the ones that cause diseases like strep throat, diphtheria, and tetanus. These bacteria make poisons, called toxins, and this can kill healthy body cells and that’s why a person feels sick. Viral germs that are harmful can cause the common cold, flu, chicken pox, measles and mumps. Viruses don’t make toxins but they kill body cells.

When bacteria are thought of, germs and sickness come to mind. Bacteria is the stuff that you don’t want to encounter because it will make you sick. Many times, this an accurate assumption. There is Escherichia coli; these gram-negative bacteria cause diarrheas and can sometimes cause urinary tract infections pneumonia. They can be difficult to treat due to drug resistance. (Center for Disease Control, 2017) There are gram positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus or “staph”) Staph as its commonly called can cause skin infections like boils and cellulitis. Most staph infections are not life threatening but they can become so in the form of sepsis, pneumonia and osteomyelitis (Minnesota Department of Health Fact Sheet, 2010) There are food borne bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum are anaerobic, rod shaped bacteria that causes the disease botulism. Botulism is a life-threatening disease that affects the nervous system it is commonly associated with improperly done home canning. (WHO, 2016) While there is no argument that there are many bacteria that we as humans would do will to stay away from it is also true that we need microorganisms in our lives. From disposing of bacteria in waste water to vaccines to the food we eat we rely on bacteria to keep us healthy.

4.During sporulation can occur when one cell can construct one spore. The way this formation works is by when the cell that this bacteria is in a chemical environment in which it is stressed that it’ll form spores within the cell. The spore itself doesn’t not have a metabolism. Although it does put a battle whenever WBC (white blood cells) and any type of disinfectants try to get rid of it. The bacterial endospore is made out of a dense keratin outer coat and a chromosome that does contain genetic material.

This cycle is conventionally divided into five discrete phases: gap phase 1(G1), synthesis, gap phase 2 (G2), mitosis and cytokinesis. During G1, the cell grows and prepares itself for division. Cells often pause in G1 before DNA replication and enter a resting state called the G0 phase; cells may remain in this phase for days to years before resuming cell division (book). During the synthesis phase, the cell synthesizes the genome in chromosomes to produce two sister chromatids held together at the centromere by cohesion. Once the cell has undergone the synthesis phase, it goes to the G2 phase. In G2, the cell undergoes its second growth face and prepares for the separation of the newly replicated genome. The G1 and G2 segments of interphase are periods of active growth, during which proteins are synthesized and cell organelles are produced (book). G1, synthesis, and G2 together constitute

Some of the bacteria is bad, so it kind of depends on what kind of bacteria it is. I think that most of the bacteria and human species are a bad relationship because most bacteria causes a sickness. Some of the five relationships are symbiosis, another one is mutualism. One other one is commensalism. Mutualism is when both are benefiting in a relationship. Symbiosis is when both are together, a umbrella of a relationship, but not really. Commensalism is when only one is benefiting in a relationship. Predator-Prey in another one it is pretty much when only one is

Bacterial endospores are dormant, non-reproductive, and sometimes disease-causing cell structures that are typically formed in Gram-positive bacteria under a process called sporulation. Endospores exhibit high resistance to environmental stresses, and these structures are able to resist conditions that are unfavourable to most organisms, enabling bacteria to lie dormant for extended periods of time (hundreds to thousands of years). In addition, endospores are highly durable, as dormant spores return to an actively growing state a process called germination) when nutrients return to their environment. Sporulation is

It’s the metabolic activity phase and the cell just prepares itself to new division. And consist of 2 gaps (G1,G2) and DNA synthesis phase (S phase) (1)