Bacterial Isolates And Drug Susceptibility Patterns Of Ear Discharge From Patients With Ear Infection At Gonder University Hospital

The article from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) that addresses acute otitis media (AOM) is a filtered resource. This article is appropriate for use in nursing practice as it establishes diagnosis and management guidelines for the treatment of AOM. In addition the article recommends treatment options for the symptoms of AOM and addresses the concept of watchful waiting. The is an evidence based guideline as it provides recommendations for practice and was created a systematic review and best clinical research in clinical literature. The Block article, Causative Pathogens,

Dr. Gumma mentioned that in prescribing antibiotic, it is very important to determine the patient’s allergy to

Cultures are an effective way of guiding the Infectious Disease specialist to which antibiotics that are to be used to treat the patient with MRSA by looking at the type of strain that the patient has. The culture can also be tested for susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics. Surgery may be required to debride and drain the pus filled skin from the infected area, while antibiotics, such as vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, clindomycin (as well as many other sulfa drugs and tetracyclines) could be prescribed to help eradicate the infection. Some antibiotics that are used to treat MRSA are only available intravenously. Unfortunately, some high-powered antibiotics are developing resistance to MRSA infections. Because of this, Vancomycin is no longer a sure treatment for MRSA due to questions surrounding its effectiveness. Patients that are prescribed antibiotics should never stop taking their antibiotics, even if they are starting to feel better. These infections are extremely dormant and are prone to reoccur if they develop resistance to the

American Academy of Pediatrics and American Academy of Family Physicians article regarding acute otitis media is a filtered resource. It is an appropriate source for nursing practice because; it establishes clinical guidelines to diagnose and manage AOM. It also establishes guidelines when to treat the signs and symptoms of AOM, watchful waiting, or to treat with an antibiotic. This article is classified as an evidence based guideline because, it reviews multiple research literatures in a systemic manner and provides

1 and 3). This antibiotic is effective against both gram positive and negative bacteria, so it would be effective against Staphylococcus epidermidis. This antibiotic is able to kill bacteria by interfering with the cell wall synthesis, weakening it, and causing its death. However, just like with Penicillin, some bacteria have become resistant to this antibiotic (6). The hypothesis stated that Staphylococcus epidermidis would be susceptible to Ampicillin because although some bacteria have become resistant this one has not (7). According to the class data, two of the tests resulted in in susceptibility, one resulted in an intermediate effect, and the rest were resistant (see Figs. 2 and 5). It seems that Staphylococcus epidermidis is in the process of becoming resistant to Ampicillin because of the varied data. However, the group data did not support the hypothesis that the bacteria would still be

McCracken, G. H. (1998). Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in an Era of Increasing Microbial Resistance.

The patient is an eight-year old girl who is taking hydrocortisone, neomycin, and polymyxin eardrops for the diagnosis of a bacterial ear infection. The dose is 10mg (1%)/3.5mg (0.35%)/10000 units/10ml and was instructed to take this medication every six to eight hours with three drops in the affected ear. The medication has multiple classes since this medication contains multiple drugs. Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid medication that works to decrease inflammation within the ear. Neomycin and polymyxin are within the antibacterial class and work to combat infection. The combination of the drug helps to eliminate the bacteria within the ear; decrease pain, redness, and itching that were accompanying her bacterial

Upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), including acute otitis media (AOM) are the most common cause of ambulatory physician visits and antimicrobial prescriptions in children1,2. The most common bacterial causes of URTI are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, though the majority of cases are caused by viral pathogens 3–10. Distinguishing between viral and bacterial URTI can be difficult. Reports on quality of antimicrobial prescriptions have shown a 30-50% of all out-patient prescriptions due to (upper) respiratory tract infections to be inappropriate2,10,11. In Europe the quality of prescription is higher in the north of the continent, including Iceland compared to in the south12. Conversely, many factors contribute to the overuse of antimicrobials2,13–15, which in turn results to increase in antimicrobial resistance16,17. Contributing factors cited by by physicians to cause over-prescription include uncertainty of diagnosis, fear of disease complications, lack of perception of harmful effects of antimicrobials, not perceiving their own prescription practices to be a problem, pressure by patients, limited time, fear of damaging doctor-patient relationship in addition to language, cultural and educational barriers2,13–15. Antimicrobials were long a mainstay treatment against AOM in fear of rare, but dangerous complications, which have later been found to be unfounded, asnd

Acute Otitis Media (AOM), inflammation or infection of the middle ear, is an illness most parents have had experience with. Countless hours of lost sleep and worry secondary to their child’s pain and distress can keep even the most seasoned parents awake at night. Before the age of 36 months, 83% of children will experience 1 or more ear infections and AOM is the most common reason for office visits of preschoolers in the United States (Zhou, Shefer, Kong & Nuorti, 2008). The graphic below serves as a review of evidence and explores the usefulness of the information in relation to the option of watchful waiting in the management of AOM.

Forty patients (22 women and 18 men) aged between 18 and 55 years (mean age: 29.6 years) diagnosed with acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (diagnosed clinically

Retrieved from http://www.idsociety.org/FOAR/Meredith_Littlejohn/ TESTIMONY OF DR. STUART B. LEVY President, Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics Distinguished Professor of Molecular Biology & Microbiology and of Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine Before the Subcommittee on Health of the U.S. House Committee on Energy and Commerce , 2 (7 September 2010) (testimony of DR. STUART B.

This treatment has the potential to increase efficacy while minimizing the adverse effects associated with some antibiotics. This is accomplished by controllable and uniform distribution to the target tissue, improved solubility, sustained release, improved patient compliance, minimized side effects, and enhanced cellular internalization. (Gopinath, 2013) Additional vaccines such as Prevnar 13®, which protects against Pneumococcal pneumonia and other invasive diseases such as ear infections in patients 6 weeks through the age of 17 and over the age of 50, can be quite helpful in the treatment of infectious diseases. The vaccine elicits an immune response that protects the patient from infection of the 13 separate strains of Streptococcus

In case of clearly established bacterial infection to otorhinolaryngological evaluation or in the event of persistence of fever with painful symptomatology after the first 72 hours the antibiotic is necessary. Generally they use broad-spectrum antibiotics properly administered daily dose and duration. In the event of repeated infections, and in close suspicion of insufficient efficacy, sensitivity testing provides information useful sull'antibiotico to which the beat is sensitive or sull'antibiotico more effective for therapeutic treatment.

Gold standard procedures should be implemented with the aim of providing timely and accurate results. (Schentag) The culture result should be accompanied by its clinical significance, selective reporting of susceptibility testing results in accordance with hospital antimicrobial therapy guidelines and suggested management. (Schentag) This encourages appropriate prescribing and minimises unnecessary use of antimicrobials. The clinical microbiology team should also provide reports to AMS regarding resistant organisms.

Otitis media (OM) remains to be a major health concern in Australia, with an inexcusably substantial disparity in the severity and incidence of otitis media, of all its forms, between Indigenous and non-Indigenous child populations. Specifically, children in Indigenous communities suffer from chronic suppurative otitis media at rates that far surpasses the 4% threshold that defines a massive public health concern (WHO, 1996). Currently, the first line of treatment for OM is the use of antibiotics, which is characteristically used to treat cases of acute otitis media (AOM), with or without perforation, and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) (Morris & Leach, 2009). However, with rates of OM in high-risk Indigenous communities failing to decline, the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment has fallen under questioning. Many studies which have aimed to investigate the role of antibiotics as treatment in Australian Indigenous children with OM have yielded diverse conclusions regarding its efficacy. Therefore, the objective of this literature review is to determine the effectiveness of antibiotics as treatment in Australian Indigenous children with otitis media.