Baghdad Kilns History

Scholars also made advances in trigonometry, astronomy and mapmaking, and artists used calligraphy to decorate buildings and objects of art as well as to reflect the glory Allah (Docs 5 and 6). In a photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem, it shows the different features used from different cultures, such as the Byzantine Empire, as well as adding their own personal touches (Doc 7). All of these were preserved and used in Europe, and are even used in today’s curriculum. A lot of ideas have also been altered just a little bit, and expanded to create things that we use today. Everything that the Muslims passed on through many generations had a large impact on our modern world, and even the places around the Islamic Empire during that time period. A book mentioned before said “In the early 800s, Caliph-al-Ma’mun opened in Baghdad...the House of Wisdom. There, scholars of different cultures, and beliefs worked...translating texts from Greece, India, Persia, and elsewhere into Arabic.” The photograph of the Dome that was also talked about before shows what an impact the inventions made did for the Muslims. A trade route was created later on which says “Masters of the sea, even as of the land, the Arabs spread throughout the geographical area.” (Doc 9). Lastly, an excerpt described the benefits that the Europeans received from Muslim industries. “Finally our commercial vocabulary itself has preserved...proofs that there was a

HIX: INFLUENCE OF CHINA ISLAMIC EMPIRE: Persia fell under Islam at an early date, especially after the Abbasid dynasty and the founding of it's capital Baghdad. Persian traditions deeply influenced Islamic political and cultural leaders. Persian administrative techniques

Manufacturing was also a very important part of the Tang Dynasty. Manufacturing was done in both state owned and privately owned workshops. Mostly located in larger cities, crafts such as brocade weaving, papermaking, iron smelting, casting, pottery were done. The textile industry prospered. The silk products from Songzhou and Bozhou were most famous for their high quality. Marked improvements were introduced in the manufacture of pottery and porcelain. The porcelain from the Xingzhou kiln was particularly noted for its quality and described as 'white as silver and snow'.

When Baghdad was overrun by the Mongols, it connected civilizations from Europe to Eastern Asia, all under Mongol rule. The Mongols actively promoted the growth of trade and travelers by protecting the caravans that made their way across the ancient Asian silk routes and by establishing rest stations along the way. This cracked open a never before seen world and exposed the Europeans to new ideas, technology, goods and a growing hunger amongst the elite for such luxury goods as silk and porcelain produce in China or exotic spices from India.

During the outward-looking rule of China's Tang dynasty (seventh-ninth century C. E. ), sophisticated people in northeastern Iran developed such a taste for expensive, imported Chinese pottery that they began to imitate it in great quantity for sale to people who could not afford the real thing. And in northern China there was a vogue for beautiful pottery figurines of camels laden with caravan goods or ridden by obviously non-Chinese merchants, musicians, or entertainers. Non-Chinese camel figurines found in Mesopotamia carry loads that duplicate the distinctive appearance of the loads on the Chinese figurines. So it is clear that by the time of the rise of Islam in the seventh century, contact across the Silk

Baghdad grew quickly with encouragement from the Abbasid state, and it was soon the largest city in the world. At Baghdad, the Persian culture that the Umayyads had attempted to suppress was now allowed to thrive. Art, poetry, and science flourished. The Abbasids learned from the Chinese

Until now, I didn't realize how much Islam influenced art and practically kick-started science. I learned that the Abbasid caliphs established the House of Wisdom, a center of leaning and science. They gathered manuscripts in Greek and Sanskrit along with scholars who could understand and translate them from the areas that they conquered.

The Umayyad also used the silk roads for overland trade. The roads used for trade were also inherited for military forces to cross. These roads for the Umayyad and Abbasid were said to be very efficient and fast so a lot more money came into the Dynasty. Trading was very respectable and important to both dynasties. While both dynasties were reliant to trade and advancements in technology were also important to the economy. Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill to create more crops in dry times in the Abbasid dynasty. Muslim engineers also developed pumps, employed gears in mills and water-raising machines, and used dams to provide additional power to watermills and water-raising machines. Such advances made it possible for many industrial tasks that were previously driven by manual labor in ancient times to be mechanized and driven by machinery instead in the medieval Islamic world. While the Umayyad created saddles to ride camels through the brutal heat and carry heavy loads. The Umayyad also used the compass from the Chinese and lateen sails from south Asian and Indian mariners to engage in maritime trade and ran some of the first banks. Although the Umayyad designed great inventions, the Abbasid improved their ideas and benefitted from it significantly.

Arguably one of the most influential events in the Islamic Empire consisted of Islamic Scholars translating astronomy, medical, mathematical, and geography books from ancient Greek, Sanskrit, and Persian into Arabic (240). Historians refer to this time as the translation movement.

East Liverpool has been historically known as the pottery capital of the world due to the large number of potteries in the city. Sadly, due to changes in the industry, it is only home to The Hall China Company, the Homer Laughlin China Company and Pioneer Pottery. An example of East Liverpool pottery at it’s finest would be that of the Lotus Ware which was produced there during the 1890s. During the 1893

During the rise of the Silk Roads, there was little cultural influence. This is because negotiators carried on the trade between the Han and Roman empires causing the two empires to have no direct contact with each other. During the Tang dynasty this actually changes. The Islamic and European medieval periods were influenced by Chinese paper. Their written works started to become normal in saving and transmitting cultural knowledge such as written bibles, histories, math and other intellectual discoveries. Crusaders were reintroduced with Eastern goods such as spices and cloth but were also influenced when they saw large energetic, urban cities. Greeks were re-introduced to ancient works because they were reconnected with the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid caliphate. Also eastern works were spread along the Silk Road. These works inspired Muslim and European

The siege of Baghdad is a turning point in world history. This single event ended the Islamic golden age, many buildings were destroyed, but after their invasion the city became an economic center and religious affairs flourished.

Kenzan learned pottery from famous Nonomura Ninsei who established “Kyo-yaki”, Kyoto Pottery, in mid 17th century. Kenzan opened his kiln when he was 37 years old in 1699 in Narutaki, Kyoto where he created many artistic ceramics “Kenzan-yaki”. His brother, Korin, often collaborated Kenzan on decoration of pottery and created innovative artworks together (Wilson).

The most prominent elements used by the Seljuks, in relevance to Islamic art, were the use of bronze( or brass), in addition to copper, silver, and gold. Fritware was also used, as it was an attempt to mimic the Chinese form of porcelain pottery.

This thesis proposes to incorporate traditional crafts into the community of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. A Community Cultural Arts and Crafts center would link tradition with modernity and the senior citizens with the youth. This thesis considers the benefits of preserving many traditional crafts including pottery. In Bedouin tribes, children learn at an early age to create pottery through hands on experience because clay pots are vital to survival. This pottery is made to be utilitarian, sturdy, and without decoration. The proposed pottery classes for the Jeddah craft center would allow students to create functional yet more designed pieces. This is one way the traditional craft is being preserved yet modified for new