Balloon Coating Procedure

The purpose of this investigation is to find out if the coating on pills makes it harder to dissolve.

DAPT had to have long enough time after implanting the stent into arteries to prevent stent thrombosis.Premature discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy, also known as premature discontinuation of DAPT, means discontinuation of DAPT for less than three months for sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and shorter than six months for paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES). The outcome of the premature discontinuation of DAPT can increase the risk of stent thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and death. Bare-metal stents (BMS) do not relate to blood clotting issues after stent implantation such as stent thrombosis. Therefore, it can be said that BMS do not need anti-clotting therapies. On the contrary, drug-eluting stents have been involved with late stent thrombosis. To prevent this issue, optimal conditions of several factors should be considered. Those factors can be stent position and expansion, the number of stents, stent size, stent design, patient and lesion, and premature discontinuation of antiplatelet medicines. Revascularization can be defined that produce the healthy blood circulation to a body part again under the situation carrying depletion of oxygen to an organ. The terminology, revascularization, is usually used by surgical

Drug dosage form (Liquids ,suspensions, elixirs are readily available for absorption because they are already in solution)

Example-2: Nelfinavir-PLGA NPs were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. Drug:polymer weight ratio was varied from 1:1 to 1:5 and particle size, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were measured. Among the drug:polymer weight ratios prepared, 1:4 ratio was chosen as optimal. NPs found to exhibit sustained drug release up to 24 h and there was a 4.94-fold increase in relative bioavailability compared to pure drug (Venkatesh et al. 2015).

Stents that deliver anti-proliferative drugs from durable polymer, have reduced both clinical and angiographic restenosis compared with bare metal stents without increasing adverse events (AEs) including death or myocardial infarction (MI) (1-2). However, permanent polymers may be associated with hypersensitivity reactions, delayed and/or incomplete vascular healing which may contribute to an increased risk of both late (30 days to 1 year) and very late (beyond 1 year) stent thrombosis (ST) which was particularly evident following first generation DES (5,6). Even newer durable polymers with enhanced biocompatibility and improved clinical outcomes have still been incriminated in chronic inflammation, thrombosis and neoatherosclerosis (which occurs earlier and with increased prevalence following both 1st and 2nd generation DES (7,8,9).

Firstly, the main function of the implanted stent is to prevent arteries from clogging back up and allowing blood to flow through. Secondly, we believe that our implant material should be fatigue resistant because it experience pulsatile flow due to the presence of a pulsatile blood pressure. The implant should be stronger in radial than shear because the implant will have to withstand significant amount of force from the fatty deposits of the vessels. Additionally, the implant should have minimum reactivity with blood constituents because we don’t want to induce unnecessary thrombosis or any sort of inflammation. Thirdly, we believe that class 1 biomaterial are ideal for our implant because our material requires failure loads of 10-50 times the body weights, meaning it has to be extremely strong. Furthermore, we believe that our material should have extremely high resistance to compressive deformation as well as little reactivity with the environment, in order to accomplish the necessary

Stenting is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that implements the use of synthetic mesh material to clear vascular obstruction and improve blood flow (“Balloon Angioplasty and Stents”, 2015). Angioplasty involves using a balloon to compress the plaque against the arterial wall in order to clear the blockage, but there is debate as to which procedure is optimal in minimizing risk of complications after the procedure (“Balloon Angioplasty and Stents”, 2015). According to “Balloon Angioplasty and Stents” (2015) these two procedures often go hand in hand, in fact, “about 80% of patients who have balloon angioplasty will have a stent placed as well.” This procedure can be implemented in any

how the anticoagulants work at the cellular level. A description or picture of the catheter and

Slowly disintegrating buccal mucoadhesive plain tablet (SDBMPT): A formulation composed of drug and hydroxypropylcellulose, which slowly softens over time, although this can hinder controlled delivery.

The product, manufactured in state-of-the-art Food and Drug Administration (FDA) registered laboratories, is under the guiding principle of U.S. FDA’s cGMP

A microcatheter is then advanced through the end-hole catheter, into the ACommA. This will allow the delivery of embolization material, in this case an embolization coil, to ensure cessation.

The ideal purpose of implant is to do the defined task and then dematerialize. The same is expected for the stents inserted in the heart vessels. But unfortunately the conventional stents stays in the body leading to unwanted side effects. Considering advancements from metal stents to present drug eluting stents the ultimate bioabsorbable stent is not yet achievable. With development of such a stent the need of antiplatelet drug will not exist and a person would not have to move around with metal in their body. The ultimate goal of the bioresorbable stent will be leaving the vessels regenerated, resulting in restored functioning. The advantage of the bioabsorbable stent is that if in future there is a need of bypass surgery then the stent would

By the mid 1980’s, bare metal stents (BMS) were developed to overcome the limitations of balloon angioplasty [1]. Coronary stents are metal lattices that hold the vessel open, which prevents recoil following angioplasty [2]. They are delivered using a catheter-mounted balloon inserted either in the brachial or femoral artery, which is then threaded to the site of blockage in the coronary artery. The balloon is inflated, and the stent is released covering the stenosed lesion

After the development of safe and effective antiplatelet agents, stenting has a profound effect on the performance and results of primary angioplasty both in the acute phase and during follow-up. The use of drug eluting stents are cost–effective by reducing the rate of restenosis. Patients who need stents have a reduced need for repeat hospitalization and

Multiparticulate drug delivery systems (MDDS), widely used for oral route of administration, it consist of multiple number of small discrete units that having different characteristics. It is based on subunits such as pellets, microspheres, granules, beads, spheroids and minitab. These subunits shows various advantages as compare to monolithic devices. In MDDS, active pharmaceutical ingredients are divided into number of subunits, typically consist of thousands of spherical particles having diameter of about 0.05 mm to 2.00 mm. To administer or to recommend total dose these subunits to be compressed into a tablets or filled into a sachets or encapsulated 1. The formulation consisting of multicomponent MDDS is also feasible