Bandura ( 1977 ) Derived Self Efficacy As A Sub Theory Stemming From Social Cognitive Theory

Bandura has studied self-efficacy, which is the extent or strength of one’s belief in one’s own ability to complete tasks and reach goals. Self-efficacy can affect all types of behaviors like academics, social and recreational. A child might have the ability to accomplish a task, but if they do not feel like they are capable of doing so, then they may fail or may not attempt the task. For example, in a study difficult math problems were given to children with

Albert Bandura introduced the Self-Efficacy Theory in the late 1970s. Self-Efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to perform actions to complete a task or goal attainment. It has been applied to many areas such as smoking cessation, eating, and pain control. It can also be applied to childhood asthma to share insight on the child’s belief. Believing in oneself and the ability to manage their own care is a very important aspect of self-care.

Bandura focused on perceived self-efficacy, which he defines as a belief in one’s own capability to organize and execute the course of action required to attain a goal. (Bandura, 1977).

In this chapter, Rivera outlines and describes three existing theories: Bandura’s Theory of Self-Efficacy, Vygotsky’s Constructivist Theory, and Social Interdependence Theory. She also refers to multiple sources and explains their opinions about these theories. She goes one step further to clarify how these theories directly correlate with her research topic.

Albert Bandura states “self-efficacy is the belief that one’s ability to influence events that affect one’s life and have control over the way these events are experienced. The theory of self-efficacy is a significant concept in the field of positive psychology since it has a direct relationship with the explanation on how a people’s cognition can affect how they think, behave, and motivate themselves. Albert Bandura presents his views on positive psychology in his chapter “An Agentic Perspective on Positive Psychology”. Albert Bandura states that the concept of self-efficacy is not an ability that certain individuals possess, instead he claims that all persons are capable of utilizing self-efficacy to control their circumstances. In Bandura’s

Bandura, Social cognitive theory is said to be self-efficacy as one’s belief in one’s ability to be successful in specific situation and a child’s ability to accomplish task. I know that my self-efficacy plays a role in how I plan different task to help me accomplished my goals and that is how I overcame challenges that I came across. Self-efficacy was my capability in my capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments Self-efficacy shows my confidence in my ability to have control over my own motivation, behavior, and social environment.

Virtually all people can identify goals they want to accomplish, things they would like to change, and things they would like to achieve. However, most people also realize that putting these plans into action is not quite so simple. Bandura and others have found that an individual’s self-efficacy plays a major role in how goals, tasks, and challenges are approached.

Self-efficacy beliefs are considered as the foundation of human agency. They influence many aspects of human functioning (i.e., the exercise of human agency), such as one’s choice of tasks, goal setting, motivation level, investment level, psycho-affective states, and accomplishments. They influence “people’s goals and aspirations, how well they motivate themselves, and their perseverance in the face of difficulties and adversity” (Bandura, 2006). Also, self-efficacy beliefs “shape people’s outcome expectations” and determine how opportunities and impediments are viewed” (Bandura, 2006, p.171). Self-efficacy beliefs are not a stable character traits of an individual, but rather, an active and learned system of beliefs held in context (Bandura,1997).

Another theory that also acquires skill and knowledge through interacting with others like the constructivist learning theory is the self-efficacy theory. Bandura (1989) defined self-efficacy as “beliefs regarding one’s capabilities to organize and execute the course of action required to produce given attainment.” It determines how a person feels, thinks in addition to their motivation and behavior. The students with a high self-efficacy tend to have higher chance to overcome difficulties and challenges that they encountered and consequently lead to a higher academic achievement than the students with low self-efficacy (Zimmerman, 2000). The sense of self-efficacy that students have played a significant role in their academic motivation and

Therefore, in looking at Bandura’s social-cognitive theory to help with patient learning and influence, it is also important to acknowledge the role that self-efficacy has in the process.

One of the HPMs central concepts is perceived self-efficacy or the capability of one’s self to

Self-efficacy is defined as one’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. Self-efficacy

Self-efficacy operates as a key component within the broader conceptual framework of Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 2001). Self-efficacy refers to a set of beliefs regarding an individual’s personal judgement of their confidence to perform a particular task and is distinct from ability traits. These beliefs have an important influence on the choices an individual makes when faced with adversity. In terms of learning, the role that self-efficacy plays has been associated with various different aspects of student engagement and motivation in the learning activities. For example, a study conducted of the self-regulation abilities of University students over a whole term, showed that the more self-efficacious the students felt, the more they reported using various cognitive and self-regulatory strategies to achieve their learning goals (Wäschle et al., 2014). Similarly, a study conducted with young adolescents reported that self-efficacy

Bandura’s social cognitive theory hightlights the role of observational learning, social experience, and reciprocal determinism on learning (Cherry, 2005). Bandura believed that an individual 's behavior influences and is influenced by both the social world and personal characteristics. According to Cherry, (2005) the central concept of Bandura’s theory is the theory of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is belief in your own abilities to succeed. This not only plays a role in how you feel about yourself but how you learn and achieve your goals. Bandura believed that observational learning could not occur unless cognitive processes were at work.

Self-Efficacy is having the belief and confidence on your abilities to achieve the goal you have chosen (Bandura, 2001). This means that self-efficacy is that believe that a person can achieve the goals that they set for themselves. These goals all should do with the persons entire self. Self-efficacy describes how they think, how they feel, and importantly how they feel.