Bandura's Theory : The Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale

Psychology has aims to define, explain, and predict behavior. The field of Psychology has seen the many remarkable theoretician and practitioners. Carl Jung developed the theory on personality types. Meyers Briggs expanded those theories into an assessment known as the he Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). MBTI consists of four dichotomies that include Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuitive, Thinking/Feeling, and Judgment/Perception.

You can determine someone’s MBTI by first determining whether they are introverted or extroverted. Then determine the way a person gathers information to find out whether they do it through sensing or through intuition. Next, look at the way they make decisions, by going by how they feel or by complex thinking. Think about how that person tend to communicate to others either by judging or perceiving. Then you can determine a person’s personality.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality (MBTI) was developed by Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine Cook Briggs in 1943 during the onset of World War II (Ham, 2016). Briggs recognized the need for psychological instruments that would value human differences and utilized the C G Jungs theory in creating the MBTI (The Story of Isabel Briggs Myers, n.d). According to The Myers & Briggs Foundation (2014) Myers and Briggs initially tested a group of 20 relatives and friends. They utilized such sample, because they thought they could predict their personality solemnly on observation which by observation. The initial random sample did not truly represent a whole population, but merely were used due to availability.

Bandura focused on perceived self-efficacy, which he defines as a belief in one’s own capability to organize and execute the course of action required to attain a goal. (Bandura, 1977).

A person’s personality is his or her essence. It is what guides decisions, emotions, and even thoughts. Some may wonder if it is possible to explore every nuance of such a complex part of a being, but there are ways to determine what type of personality a person has, and then branch off into a more detailed examination of that person specifically. Combined with other factors, such as personality disorders and the environment that someone has grown up in, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, or MBTI, test (Enrichment 1) and analysis can determine an accurate portrayal of a personality. Created in 1943 by Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers, it is a system made up of four basic functions and sub functions that combine to make a personality type. The mother and daughter team constructed it off of Jung’s theories (History 2). Based on this system, one of the most common personality types in the US population is called an ESTJ, and one of the least common personality types is called an INFJ. There are many differences and similarities between these two types. An ESTJ personality, overall, is practical, fact-based, and outgoing, whereas an INFJ personality is more private and makes decisions based on feelings; however, both are organized people who make good leaders and are capable of great success in roles that involve helping others.

The MBTI assessment was an extremely useful tool in helping me to understand my inner world, assessing the way I think and behave. Dr. Robert Prescott in OB often emphasizes that we judge ourselves by our intentions, but others judge us by our behaviors. My personality type is reported as INFJ. The information provided in the assessment was a little overwhelming at first and has applications that reach well beyond the topic of change. I have learned that effectively managing change in the business world requires that I understand and manage change personally first; the MBTI is a start in that direction. I have begun to pay attention to my external behaviors, and realize that I can manage those behaviors to facilitate change. Change is often generated in business via external drivers, and to survive that change it becomes necessary to adapt my behaviors successfully to the changing environment.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) “is an introspective self-report questionnaire designed to indicate psychological preferences in how people perceive the world and make decisions” (13). It is one of several personality assessments that is popular among modern mental health experts throughout the world. Currently, it is estimated that the MBTI is “taken by more than two million people per year and is translated into 16 languages (10). “The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality inventory is to make the theory of psychological types described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people 's lives” (4).

The MTBI is helping me understand my personality by actually pointing out my strengths and weaknesses. It has given me a chance to understand my strengths and build them up even more. Also, now that I understand the reason for my weaknesses, I can attempt to work on them, and become a stronger person.

The purpose of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI) personality inventory is to make the theory of psychological types described by C. G. Jung understandable and useful in people’s lives. The essence of the theory is that much seemingly random variation in the behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the ways individuals prefer to use their perception and judgment. In developing the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, their aim was to make the insights of type theory accessible to individuals and groups.

The Myers- Briggs(MBTI) is a tool used to help clients identify preference among four fields. The four fields consist of where someone gets energy, how one understands information, how someone makes decisions, and how they relate to others (Roseman, F.,2014). As well as touching

The MBTI questionnaire was created by Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. Their collaborative work to develop this measurement of personality was inspired by to the writings/work of Carl Jung (more specifically his book entitled Psychological Type). This mother and daughter’s shared fascination and interest in type theory led them “to create the MBTI in the early 1940s as a test to be used for personnel selection. Myers believed that different occupations favored different personality orientations, and that Jung’s theory provided a theoretical link between personality and job performance” (Pittenger, 1993). It is important to note that it was Myers “belief” that

The Strong Interest Inventory (SII) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI), are the two instruments that resonate with the most. The Strong Interest Inventory is an advanced self-administered online inventory that assesses career interest. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI), is another type of inventory that correlates with the Jungian Theory. This too is self -administering reporting questionnaire designed to evaluate the psychological preferences and how they make perceive the world and make decisions. (Donnay, Morris, Schaubhut, Thompson, Grutter, & Hammer, 2012). Using these inventory instruments would allow the counselor to get a complete overview of both

Intervention. The taxonomy of career decision-making difficulties workshop is intended to reduce career decision-making difficulties and increase career decision-making self-efficacy (Gati et al., 2013). Vet Center support staff will implement the workshop curriculum. Each staff member will receive 16 hours of training on career decision-making difficulties, the taxonomy workshop, and research validity, implementation, and reliability.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMMPI) is an objective test also known as self-reporting inventory. This test is made up of hundreds of true or false questions. Clinical and counselling psychologists use the MMPI to help in diagnosing psychological disorders. When the correct diagnosis is made, the correct treatment can be applied. Although psychologists use other instruments, the MMMPI is the most widely used tool for measuring personality in psychological research. The MMMPI is a complex tool compromising of different scales. It has four (4) validity scales that checks if the answers are true reflections the individual’s thoughts, behaviours, and emotions. At the same time, the validity scales does not guarantee to tell if

The MBTI test items are multiple-choice and ask questions about behaviors and preferences. A couple of the questions presented in the assessment are about individuals being late for appointments and planning tasks. The Step I assessment has 93 items and takes about 15-25 minutes to complete (Chong, Richard, and Durkin, 2016). Clients are sorted and aligned into dichotomies, or features of personalities, that consist of opposite personality preferences and type. An example of this is Extraversion vs. Introversion (I) which is about how individuals get energy and focus their attention. The MBTI Step II (Form Q) has 144 items and includes the 93 items from Step I (Quenk, 2009). It clarifies unclear preferences from Step I by using components of the dichotomies, called facets. The Myers and Briggs Foundation website (2017), states that each dichotomy has five pairs of opposite facets that “provide insight into an individual’s