Bank Based And Market Based Financial Systems

The fact that banks control 97% of the world's money supply makes them a vital institution. Banks are the engine of our modern financial system and a source for economic growth. The bank's ability to create credit can have destructive effects; the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. In both cases, banks spurred on an asset bubble through overextending credit to aid the purchase of assets. The result was an economic collapse that wiped out wealth and reduced credit creation which stalled productive investments. The lessons of the two great economic collapse support the notion proposed by the author, that bank credit for transactions that do not contribute to the economy should be restricted.

Whether a reader agrees or disagrees with how the centralized banking system was created, the foundation for which it was built off of has continued to grow over a century with key fundamentals still in place today. The author’s implications demonstrate that an economists, the intellectuals, were responsible for the banking reform that led to a structured banking system. Could this all have been possible without the influence of the economists? In my opinion, the author has provided enough evidence that would allow the reader to properly analyze and have confidence in the integrity of the article.

Financial markets are crucial to promoting greater economic efficiency by channeling funds from people who do not have a productive use for them to those who do. Well functioning financial markets are a key factor in producing high economic growth, and poorly performing financial markets, vice versa. Financial markets and intermediaries have the basic function of getting people together by moving funds from those who have a surplus of funds to those who have a shortage of funds.

The overall development of an economy is a major factor that has significant impacts on the development of the economy's financial markets. Since well-functioning financial systems offer good and easily accessible information, they lower the costs of transaction. This in turn enhances resource allocation and strengthens economic growth. The financial services industry consists of various systems such as stock markets and banking systems that enhance growth and help in poverty reduction. However, commercial banks tend to dominate the financial system during low levels of economic development while stock markets become more active and effective during periods of high levels of economic development ("Financial Sector", n.d.). The other important systems in the financial services industry include sound macroeconomic policies, shareholder protection, and good legal systems.

Ch.1 financial intermediation results from economies of scale and the specialization of financial transactions. (banks, inv. companies [mutual & pension funds], insurance companies, credit unions, brokerage firms, investment banks). Inv. banks assist firms in raising capital, create the market for innovative new securities that meet the risk and return demand (CMOs, collateralized mortgage obligations – derivative security that separates the cash flows of a mortgage pool into different classes with different maturities and risks). risk and return are the most important characteristics of financial assets. Another is tax. (high tax-bracket investors would, other things equal, would prefer tax-exempt securities [municipal bonds]).

The American financial industry is a very active industry in the world. Although the history for American financial industry is shorter than other old capitalist counties, such as English, France , Netherland, due to the industry ‘s potentiality, creativity and successful supervision comes from government ,the American financial industry has been growing fast since it was established hundreds year ago. Overall ,at present ,from the aspects of industry scale and structure ,monetary policy and the freedom of transaction ,those are more mature and perfect than any other countries, as al result ,the US financial industry has become the world 's most advanced financial industry .

A bank is an institution that facilitates financial transactions between the parties. Amongst its standard operations are accepting deposits from the customers, lending money as loan (cite). The major source of income for banks is interest income which is earned on loans given to the customers, business firms and corporations. This very nature of it makes banking institutions so crucial for economic development of any country. Strong banking operations and fundamentals paves the way for higher customer and investor confidence in the company.

Financial Management Introduction = == == == ==

The goal of financial regulation is to increase efficiency in the market, as well as enhance the market 's ability to absorb shock caused by financial instability. There are many reasons for financial instability, but it can be narrowed down to

Finical markets are needed to transfer funds from someone who has surplus funds to those who needs money which has our economy expand and grow. The worlds focus has remained on the financial position of the economy since the 2007 finical crash, many people and business are still very cautious despite the improvements within consumer credit as banks are lending more people money for mortgages but also businesses are starting to receive loans to set up business as well. It is clear to see from the Bank of England Credit report that there have been improvements for household and businesses but the economy has to improve a lot more to reach the pre-recession level. However it could be argued that with the improvement, many problems will arise. For example when people become more confident moral hazard and information asymmetry will cause problems in all sectors of the economy.

BTEC HND Qingdao Center | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assignment Brief and Feedback Form | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Learner name |　 |　 |　 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Course title |Financial Systems and Auditing | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assessor name |XIAOLIN WANG |　 |　 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |IV name |Hu Dalong | |　 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Unit number and title |Unit11: Financial Systems and Auditing | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Assignment title |Financial Systems and Auditing Assignment 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Outcome number(s) |11. 1 & 11.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |and statement(s) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Date set |Mar. 14th , 2011 |Hand-in date |Mar. 28, 2011 | | | | | | |

An efficient banking system and well functioning capital market, capable of mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the banking systems and capital markets have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it was difficult to

List of abbreviations List of tables Acknowledgements Abstract 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction Problem statement Objectives and hypothesis of the study Literature review Structure and performance of the financial sector in

Financial systems and financial regulators are entities setup by the government of a country to ensure the availability and flow of financial resources in a fair and lawful manner without exploitation or monopolization of the resource by individuals or organizations. The task of ensuring the availability of finance and its transference is taken up by the financial systems of a country while the task of monitoring and regulating is taken up by the financial regulator.

Singapore Financial System is one of the world’s largest financial systems. According to Mishkin (2009), Financial System refers to a system that consists of the markets and institutional units that interact for the purpose to provide facilities such as payment and transfer systems and organizing the funds for investment from saved surplus funds to units who have shortage