Barry J. Delisle 's The Globalization Era

We live in a time of worldwide change. What happens in one part of the world impacts people on the other side of the world. People around the world are influenced by common developments.

James Howard Kunstler is an environmental author residing in the state of New York. He contributed a piece to The Guardian Weekly, in 2005, entitled, “Globalization’s Time Is Up”, which acknowledges that our social infrastructure hangs by a thread, and that thread is cheap energy and global peace. Globalization, Kunstler notes, and its irresponsible consumption of linear resources, will drive humanity to war, in the race for the worlds remaining oil. His argument is a strong but there is an enthymeme left unaddressed. Business ethics, linearity and planned obsolescence are problematic attitudes within the essay’s arguments but Kunstler never emphasizes on them beyond colorful words and finger pointing “cheerleaders”. The author also fails to supply solutions to the issues he raises, which leaves readers numb and helpless. Nonetheless, he touches base on things that most of us refuse to admit in order to keep our comfort zone intact. It is neglected facts like these that have led us into an age of ignorance and that is strange considering we live in a time where information is more accessible than ever before, thanks to the internet.

The article written by Lisa Lowe refers to globalization as it relates to the United States. This article touched on the transitions which occurred. The shifts from culture in neighborhoods due to migrants arriving. This article also referred to the critiques of globalization. It’s important to know who is against or for this process. As it provides perspective to those who want understand motives behind the negative stance.

Chapter 9 of Beyond Sovereignty discusses the expansion of cyberspace and its response to globalization. Cyberattacks and other problems arise within cyberspace which can range from minor inconveniences to a national security problem. These attacks are dangerous because of the vastness of the Internet which makes it hard to pinpoint the exact motive of a hacker. Also, constantly evolving technology leads to new ways of infiltrating. Cyberattacks come in the form of hacking, virus-spreading, and information operations. As dependence of technology increases, more terrorist organizations use the Internet as a way to plan and carry operations. For example, in 2007, Estonia’s entire Internet infrastructure was attacked by the Russians. The denial-of-service

When considering the technological advances over the past 50 years, the Internet has undoubtedly had the greatest impact on everyday life of developed economies and its citizens. The world has become smaller, societies interconnected, and the pace of global integration dramatically increased since the introduction of the Internet. As people and information become increasingly integrated around the world, physical borders between nations are no longer sufficient to restrict access to information and sensitive data. This integrated world allows for malicious cyber actors to advance strategic

Unclassified - submitted to the faculty of the National Intelligence University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for MCR 615.

Globalization is a phenomenon of our time that has fundamentally changed many areas of our lives, it has changed the way business is conducted around the world and it has impacted the environment around us, but unfortunately it also has a dark side. Globalization brings positive and negative impacts changes, it creates jobs but it also takes away jobs, it improves infrastructures in some parts of the world but it makes it difficult for small local business to survive in other parts of the world.

According to the director of National Intelligence James Clapper, “The cyber warfare threat facing the United States is increasing in scope and scale and its impact is difficult to overstate” (Jason and Steve 6). Now the United State of America is also under the threat of Cyberwarfare; people must get known about their rights and ways to protect them self, also the big origination holding the public records should be alerted and the precaution should must taken right away for the safe side. Looking towards the issues of cyberwarfare in United States of America, four aspects should be taken in consideration that is what is cyberwarfare, how it works, offensive of it and defensive of it.

There are many opinions about globalization. Most people that I know agree that globalization is a good thing. Appiah’s essay uses religion to display the ways religion has changed due to globalization. Appiah himself says that he is a product of globalization because he has a Ghanaian father and a British mother. He uses Ghana as one example of how globalization has affected religion.

There is a new threat to the world, cyberspace. New technologies are being developed daily that threaten secure organizations. Attackers are able to take advantage of any vulnerability that they can find no matter the geological location. This threat poses risks to the economy, militaries, and governments around the world. The U.S. is at the forefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of cyber terrorists, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together to provide a standard for cyber security that is able to be enforced throughout the world. The many different organizations provide many avenues of approach for various attackers to take advantage of the vulnerabilities in cyber defense. The only way to prevent these attacks is for the U.S. and its international partners to develop a strategy for global cyber security. Actions are currently being taken by many of the U.S. 's allies, yet there is still much work to be done. The enforcement of cyber security standards must take place in all government organizations, and similar standards should be followed by civilian corporations. This new cyber-warfare must be regulated and controlled just like any other battlespace.

Terrorist cyber-attacks on national institutions will result in greater devastation than a cyber-crime directed against an individual. At the current rate in which technology is increasing, establishments must constantly upgrade their system’s security. If the national institutions fail to be vigilant to the present day cyber threats, they will become victims of terrorist cyber-attacks. “Our nation's government, military, scientific, commercial and entertainment sectors all operate on the same networks as our adversaries” (Alexander 18). A terrorist cyber-attack that is successful, has the potential to put people at risk, by allowing sensitive information to get into the wrong hands, disrupting resources, or by altering system information in corporations, to cause harm or confusion. Since a terroristic attack is focused on causing violence or chaos, the targets at risk would be “energy sources and electric grids, water and sewer systems, manufacturing, banks, transportation and communication networks” (Brenner 15).

Former counsel to the National Security Agency, Joel Brenner, said, “The Internet was not built for security, yet we have made it the backbone of virtually all private sector and government operations, as well as communications” (Lee, Anderson, & Connolly, 2014, p. 9). He continued and said it has brought with it dramatic gains, but it has created excessive vulnerabilities (p. 9). It is the feeling across the world that people’s identities and business will constantly be under attack. The evidence of the Stuxnet worm is an indicator that there are attacks occurring at the nation-state level, and it is increasing in disruption and destruction. It is anticipated that a major cyber attack will cause widespread harm to security at the national level, and will cause risks in people’s ability to defend themselves. By 2025, people anticipate there will be widespread use of cyber terrorism and threats (p. 9).

A cyber spy network based mainly in China hacked into classified documents from government and private organizations. One of the biggest questions still remains unanswered. Should the U.S. Congress conduct an in depth assessment of Chinese cyber spying and consider imposing tougher penalties on companies that benefit from industrial espionage. In this paper I will review china’s cyber threat and possible USA solutions to protect against the threat.

By way of illustration, advancements in recent years indicate that cyberspace in particular is becoming a viable theater of both international and political conflicts. Because of this, the possibility of widespread ambivalences - fought in cyberspace - continues to rise. And with digital warfare capabilities under current development, it is therefore necessary to understand two basic paramount political debates: Should there be an international treaty on cyberwarfare? And is it important to explain cyber warfare between states in the context of both domestic and international affairs; from a legal-political perspective? With that being said, cyberspace is everywhere (i.e. in today’s world) presenting significant implications for both global economic activity and also for international politics.

Cybersecurity is an aspect of security that has shaped the way we as a people think and live our everyday lives. For the past 10 years and even before then, this trend of cybersecurity has been a constant topic of both discussion and protection of our data and of our financial assets as well. There have been numerous attacks on companies and federal organizations from big name Fortune 500 companies such as Visa, Target, etc. to big name federal agencies such as National Security Agency (NSA), and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) just to name a couple. This principle of cybersecurity will continue to be something that will always remain a factor in all that we do. According to Bradley (2016), “Unfortunately, we don’t really have a clear vision from any of the candidates of how they intend to address the cybersecurity landscape or cyber threats against the United States if elected”. In 2016, the presidential election has come into full swing, cybersecurity has been something that has come to the forefront of candidates’ campaigns and speeches, the constant question of how can we continue to protect ourselves from cyber espionage.