Basal Metabolic Rate Research Paper

Energy is expended in a number of different ways such as the stated above; resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of activity, thermic effect of feeding and adaptive thermogenesis. An individual’s energy balance is the balance of calories consumed through eating and drinking compared to calories burned through physical activity, what an individual drinks and eat is energy in. what an individual burns though physical activity is energy out. Body weight is maintained and stable in the state of energy balance, the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, proteins and fats in food contain chemical energy which is then transformed in the human body in multiple metabolic processes to cellular energy, heat or stored energy. An individual’s burns a certain number of calories just by breathing air and digested food. They also burn a certain number of calories through their daily routine, an important part of maintaining energy balance is the amount of physical activity an

Some may dress it up in fancy formulas and measurements, but it all falls in the realm of getting you to eat less calories.

Resting metabolic rate varies between individuals due to being fasted and rested, since digesting a meal or recovering from a session of exercise can affect a person’s RMR. RMR can be affected by factors which may include: males having a higher RMR than females, RMR increases a person’s body weight, eating a small meal portion increases an individual’s RMR or being a tall person will have a higher resting rate than a short person; also gaining more muscles will increase a person’s RMR.

Maria is a 19 year old female that is 5’8” tall and weighs 145 lbs. Based on the use of an online calculator, her BMI would be 22.0 (nih.gov). Which would put her in the normal weight range, but only 3 points from being overweight and 8 points from being considered obese. The use of another online calculator would determine that she needs to consume 2316 calories per day to survive (Adult energy needs). The Basal Metabolic Rate or BMR for Maria would be 1516.05 (BMR calculator). BMR is defined as the amount of energy used by the body in a sedentary state with no digestion occurring. Running 2.5 miles while traveling at 4.76 miles per hour would take 31.5 minutes and burn roughly 262 calories. Based on Maria’s vitals, her running three times a week would burn off roughly 786 calories. She burns a total of 110441.4 calories each month. Then she consumes 119820 calories a month leading to a net of +9378.6 calories a month. Which when divided by the number of calories in a pound (3500 calories0 is a gain of 2.7 pounds a month or 32.4 pounds a year.

RER can be used to determine the predominant fuel source in energy metabolism. RER is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced and the amount of oxygen used. An RER of 0.70 indicates that fat is the predominant source of fuel, whereas 0.85 indicates a mix of fats and carbohydrates, and 1.00 means carbohydrates are the predominant fuel source. Circadian rhythms cause diurnal oscillations of RER in which lipid oxidation occurs during the fasting

Energy comes in the form of chemical, mechanical, electrical and heat. Energy can be converted and cannot be created or destroyed. In nutrition, energy is measured by a unit of kilocalorie or commonly called a calorie. Fifty percent of food kilocalories from eating produce ATP through reactions of glycolysis and in the mitochondria of the cell. Another fifty percent is lost as heat. Energy comes though foods and body energy reserves. Exercise will increase energy metabolism. A basal metabolic rate or BMR is the amount of energy or kilocalories to keep organs functioning and to stay alive. BMR estimates are made with measuring resting metabolic rate or RMR. RMR measures metabolism when a person is not using energy to digest or absorb food and

A sub-maximal steady state exercise requires carbohydrates and fats to be oxidised in order to create sufficient ATP for the body to function and complete muscle contractions. The main energy sources being used throughout the test were the aerobic glycolytic and the aerobic lipolysis systems. To determine which energy system was predominately being used we can use RER. If RER is a value of .7 the energy system being predominantly used is the aerobic lipolysis system, where as a value closer to 1 predominate system being used is the aerobic glycolytic system. This ration being used is calculated by the whole volume of CO2 expired and the volume of oxygen intake per minute (VCO2/VO2). (Bellar & Judge, 2012)

Furthermore, the process of measuring calories is the total amount of energy released when the bonds of organic molecules are broken. The unit of measure is the calorie, which is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1-degree Celsius. One gram of water is not efficient when considering a metabolic process so instead kilocalories or the large Calorie are used. Calorie counting guides record the caloric value of food in the large Calories.

Body composition testing determines how much of your body is and isn't fat. The non-fat part of your body is called lean tissue, which includes your muscle, water, bone and organs. Lean tissue is known as metabolically active tissue, which is consistently burning calories all day. The more lean tissue you have, the higher your resting metabolic rate will be. Body fat is a storage form of energy and therefore has a very low calorie demand. A DEXA Scan is one mechanism to determine fat and lean tissue. It is very accurate and repeatable, however it can be extremely costly and difficult to find. This process involves the subject lying on a table fully clothed and a small dose of radiation that passes through the body allowing X-rays to distinguish fat from

Module 12 discussed the form of energy used by the body and how to measure the used energy, as well as discussing the causes and impacts of obesity. Energy comes in different forms, and described by the first law of thermodynamics, energy can be converted from one form of energy into another. Kilocalories are the form of energy found in food which is converted by the body into the usable form of energy, ATP. Total energy expenditure is the amount of energy or kilocalories a person needs to consume to maintain their body weight. The total energy expenditure is the sum of the kilocalories lost or burned during daily activities, the basal metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food. The basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy the body

Metabolism is defined as the sum total of the chemical reactions occurring in an organism. Mice were used to determine metabolic rate by the rate of oxygen consumption. Consequently, body mass corresponds directly with metabolic rate because the mouse that weight the most (42.9 g) also consumed the most oxygen per minute (Avg.O2/m = 2.94 ml). In contrast, the smallest mouse (12g) oxygen consumption only consisted of Avg.O2/m of 1.44 ml.

my daily calories and how to reach them. Also the online resource have made me

Body Mass Index (BMI): An indicator used to determine the state of a person’s weight, used to screen for health markers. It is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms (kg) by height in meters (m) squared, then multiplying by 703, resulting in kg/m2.

Resting metabolic rate (RMR) as main part of daily energy expenditure (14) has principal role in energy balance. Indeed, resting metabolic rate can effect on adiposity or weight gain(14, 15). Our results demonstrated that RMR/kg had reverse significant correlation with weight, BMI and visceral fat. Some pathogenetic explanation for lower energy expenditure in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome may be the lipotoxic theory, lower levels of uncoupling proteins in mitochondria and genetic polymorphism in them(17)

One of the factors that can help you lose weight faster is your metabolic rate. You can control the rate that your body metabolizes foods and burn calories by choosing the right foods that can result to high metabolism. It never helps to get into fast fad diets that usually recommend limiting the number of calories taken in daily, because the body recognizes this as an extreme condition, where it will draw on its stored fat for energy. Metabolism is slowed down when the body does not get its required nutrients for the day, and when this happens, it becomes more difficult to lose weight. Women, especially those who are in their late twenties and above, will benefit from the high metabolism diet, because factors such as hormonal changes and every day stress can easily slowdown the body 's metabolic rate. High Metabolism Diet The objective of the high metabolism diet is to energize your body and to allow faster burning of calories that will lead to losing stubborn pounds. By eating the right foods, you can help your body achieve a higher metabolism and at the same time reach its optimum level in burning calories. A high metabolism diet requires a daily intake of about 1,200 to 1,500 calories. Anything below this amount will set the body into a "starved" mode, and your body will tend to burn lesser calories in an effort to help itself survive. Your metabolism will slow down if you take less than the required daily calories and you will actually defeat your purpose of losing