Basic Fundamentals And Design Parameters Of Patch

Electromagnetic Radiation – A form of energy composed of waves of electric and magnetic changes (from electrically charged particles). It deals with

This antenna is designed on FR-4 substrate. It has dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness 1.6 mm. copper material is used for ground plane and patch. We provided microstrip line feeding to this antenna.

4. Radio: most common form of wireless transmission, typical of home routers and most wireless devices to use this form. Infared uses low frequency light waves to carry data using line-of-sight.

On old radios the antenna was detrimental to the radio’s operation. Today, the antenna is not necessary. AM radio does not have as good of quality as FM but it can travel farther distances. FM signals can be interfered by things such as mountains or other barrier

We know that electromagnetic radiation is produced by accelerating charges. In the radio transmitter, electrons oscillate up and down and are thus accelerating. An electron will exert a force on another electron when they are some distance away, like charges repel. When the electron in the transmitter oscillates up and down, the direction of the force it exerts changes since the source of the force is moving. It takes some time for the change

Window embedded wire antennas have been introduced at FM frequencies for low-power or receive-only applications. The power transmitted by the army radios at VHF and UHF frequencies can exceed tens of watts. At these power levels, it is of crucial importance to isolate the interior of the vehicle from the antenna radiation. In addition, this isolation eliminates the affects of the cabin interior and passengers on the antenna input impedance and radiation pattern. Hence a transparent ground plane will be needed behind the radiating element to reduce the radiation inside the vehicle and at the same time increase the directivity of the antenna. A wire-mesh or a more sophisticated band-selective ground plane can be used as the reflecting element. A meshed patch antenna on a mesh ground plane can provide the required isolation with the cabin interior. However because of the sub-wavelength dimensions of the armored windows at VHF and UHF frequencies a patch antenna, if feasible, cannot provide the one octave bandwidth required by the army radios. In this paper a monopole bow-tie antenna backed by a cavity (armored window) is proposed. Because of the limited thickness of the window glass, the radiation element and the transparent ground plane need to be placed very close to each other. Therefore the gain and/or the

Wireless communication is the transfer of data between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. In addition, wireless communications networks are less expensive to install and preserve than equivalent wired systems. Wireless communication has become possible due to the discovery of radio waves. With the first breakthrough of the radio signal within the 19th century, along with founders Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi, evolution of the wireless technology has improved to the point of being unrecognizable (Makkai ,2006, p.1). According to Rappaport (2002 ,p.1) , with the Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of the long-distance communication with ships at sea, has the power of instant communication emerged. Nowadays, many people use the internet service on a cellphone to keep the contact with people around the world, and for other purposes such as: researching, learning and exploring (Makkai ,2006, p.1).

The rectifier is a Ga As Schottky barrier diode that is impedance matched to the dipoles by a low pass filter. The 6 rectifying diodes are connected to light bulbs for indicating that the power is received. The light bulbs also dissipated the received power. This rectenna has a 25% collection and conversion efficiency, but rectennas have been tested with greater than 90% efficiency at 2.45 GHz[4]. The transmission of power without wires is not a theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality.

Xin - imaginary part, representing the reactance of the antenna & the power stored in the near field of the antenna [32].

A Base station or Antenna act as transmitter and receiver of the signals to connect to the mobile stations. The strength of the network is also affected by the number of mobile station communicating with the same base station/cell at a given time and the distance from the antennas.

Structure of single patch antenna with inset feed is shown in figure 1. The Antenna is composed of patch, substrate, ground and feeding network. The performance of antenna generally depends on dimensions of above components

● In this case whenever a station becomes ready to send it senses the channel

Antenna is the main component of every communication system. The design of UWB antennas is one of the major factors affecting the progress of UWB technology. As a result, UWB antenna design has been studied much in recent years. UWB antennas must be electrically small and inexpensive without compromising on performance. Omni directional radiation pattern is desired in order to be well suited for ad hoc networks with arbitrary azimuthally orientations. Gain flaterns and phase linearity, i.e., constant group delay, are also required for an UWB antenna in order to not distort the waveform of an ultra narrow-on the order of nanoseconds-electromagnetic energy pulse. In addition, the time domain impulse response is another important criterion of UWB antenna performance. The antenna must transmit UWB signal with minimal dispersion effect. In this thesis all the antennas have been simulated in ANSOFT HFSS-13. This chapter contains the final design of antennas, the parasitic study of antenna in term of impedance band width. The peak gain, radiation efficiency, peak directivity has been calculated in whole operating band and radiation pattern at some frequencies has been studied. The time domain analysis also has been done in this chapter. The total design of antenna include the two parts- first is the designing on the software and second one is hardware part where the testing of the antenna is done on the Vector Network Analyzer (VNA).

Abstract – In this letter, we describes the planning and comparative analysis of circular patch with FSS layer with regard to dimensional characterization. Patch and substrate can play the important role within the performance of the antenna. Dimensions and material of the substrate has an influence on the output parameters of the antenna. A comparative analysis is finished for the 2 models and Simulation output parameters return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation patterns and field distributions for each the cases square measure bestowed during this work. Substrate utilized Roger RT/Duroid 5880(TM) which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. The result demonstrates the wideband radio wire (antenna) to work exactly from 5.8GHz frequency band with ideal resonant frequency at 5.8GHz. This antenna mainly designed for wireless application as WLAN, Bluetooth and etc.

In today’s generation of wireless communication system, the Micro strip patch antenna plays very important role. There are different advantages of high performance Micro strip patch antenna such as small size, light weight ,low cost, low volume and easy to fabricate .Like no of advantages Micro strip Patch antenna has some drawbacks such as low gain, narrow bandwidth, low efficiency. These drawbacks can be minimizing by changing the design parameters of patch antenna or by