Basic Treatment and Information on Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder: A Guide for EC and non-EC teachers

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is classified as a syndrome that is comprised of a variety of behaviors that often arises in early childhood and is characterized by extremely high levels of motor activity, difficulties with attention span and concentrating, and/or impulsive behaviors (Cook & Cash, 2011). It has been estimated in the United States that approximately 20% of children and adolescents display signs of a psychological or behavioral disorder according to Luthy, David, Macintosh, Eden, and Beckstrand (2015). ADHD is considered one of the more prevalent psychological disorders in children, with approximately 3-7% of school-age children with an ADHD diagnosis as mentioned by Luthy et al. (2015).

Most people have heard of the term Attention Deficit Hyperactive (ADHD) disorder. "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological disorder that interferes with an individual's ability to attend to tasks (inattention), inhibits one's behavior (impulsivity), and may interfere with a person's ability to regulate one's activity level (hyper-activity) in developmentally appropriate ways (Barkley 19)". The most important job for teachers and parents is to separate fact from fiction, to clarify what we know and don't know.

ADHD is a troublesome neurodevelopmental disorder that affects thousands of children in the United States. Nonetheless, there is no cure for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. However, great strives have been made in the medical field in the last ten years to better treat this disorder. There are a variety of treatments available, including prescription medications, herbal remedies and behavioral therapy. Information about ADHD is easily available. There are thousands of books, and hundreds of websites offering valuable information on the disorder. Mayo Clinic is a reputable source for current information on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The Mayo Clinic is an organization as well as a hospital. Furthermore on their website they have an extensive listing of ailments, diseases and disorders. The Mayo Clinic provides a quality website that offers in depth, accurate, and a reliable evaluation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

In today's society, it is common for many students that have been diagnosed with having ADHD to take medication as a treatment option. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder also known as ADHD is defined by kidshealth.org as being a medical condition that affects how well someone can sit still, focus, and pay attention. As of a study that was conducted in 2011, approximately 11% of children ages 4-17 (6.4 million) have been diagnosed with ADHD according to the Centers for Disease Control. Although treating ADHD with medication may appear to help the student, over medicating students with ADHD can affect the student mentally, academically, and socially.

Families who have children with ADHD often experience much higher anxiety and stress levels. A large number of children, almost half, will exhibit signs of ADHD by the age of four. However, most children are not diagnosed until he or she reaches elementary school. The behaviors that are associated with ADHD in children put them at risk for a host of other problems and complications such as completing their education, alcohol and other drug abuse, and an increased risk for delinquency. There has been much research on ADHD in recent years and many different types of medications and interventions have proven to be quite helpful. With the proper diagnosis and treatment, children with ADHD can learn to cope with the daily demands of the classroom, social situations, family interactions, and life in general.

ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurobiological disorder found most commonly in children around the age of seven. ADHD symptoms are poor attention skills and hyperactivity. The first known ADHD symptoms were found in the "mid 1800s in children with nervous system injuries and diseases. In 1848, a German physician wrote a children's story, 'Fidgety Phil', describing hyperactive behavior." George Frederic Still, (Armas 2001) a British Pediatrician who believed that the children were brain-damaged and described the children as, "aggressive, defiant, lawless, overactive, attention impaired, dishonest and accident-prone this first discovery. He also described them as having a 'defect in moral control'." Since the beginning of ADHD people have been trying to find a cure for the hyperactive symptoms, but maybe the cure was right in front of everyone's eyes all society needs to do is open them. Another statistic included with ADHD is the fact that between 1997-1998 data from the CDCs National Health Interview Survey showed that "one-half of children diagnosed with ADHD have also been identified as having a learning disability." This shows that the children already have disabilities and maybe there is something

ADHD, also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, is one of the most common childhood disorders that can carry on through adolescence and adulthood (Thomas Insel, 2013). In 2011, 11% of children were diagnosed with ADHD in the United States and has increased every year by 3% from 1997 to 2006 (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). ADHD was originally called ADD which stands for attention deficit disorder but, was

ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, also known as ADD, is a common disability with an estimated affected population of 17 million in the United States (Amen XV). The disorder mainly results in a lost of focus due to low brain activity leading not only to learning disabilities, but also to numerous social problems such as relationship breakups, job failures, and drugs or alcohol abuse. Medical experts consider genetics, head injury, toxic exposure, and poor diet to be the primary causes of ADHD. Although a significant number of people are unaware, there are remedies for ADHD; it can be effectively treated with medication, behavior therapy, and proper diet.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Everyone has heard of it. A few years ago every newspaper and weekly magazine had a feature about the disorder. The disorder was mostly associated with school-aged children because that was the time when most of the symptoms surfaced. Today ADHD is the most common behavior disorder diagnosed in children and teens. ADHD refers to a group of symptoms that begin in early childhood and can continue into adulthood, causing difficulties at home, at school, at work, and within the community if not recognized and treated (1). But what most people never hear was that ADHD also affects adults and if left untreated can have serious effects.

Around the world there about 6.4 million children aged 4 to 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD at some point in their lives, with the percentage rising 5% percent every year. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common childhood disorders and can continue through adolescence and adulthood. Symptoms include difficulty staying focused and paying attention, difficulty controlling behavior, and hyperactivity (over-activity). With so many children being diagnosed some researchers are beginning to question this diagnosis.

ADHD, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder. ADHD is characterized by the inability to pay attention, extreme hyperactivity, impulsivity, difficulty controlling behavior, and not acting appropriate for the standards of one’s age. The cause of ADHD is unknown, however it is suggested that it is caused by certain environmental and genetic factors. ADHD is diagnosed using the criteria in the most recent DSM (The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders), the DSM-5. The DSM-5 lists out long term symptoms that may be indicative of ADHD, and the individual must meet at least six of these nine symptoms. The symptoms must have been present by the age of six to twelve, and must be present in more than one situation. The symptoms must cause social, work, or school problems, and must also not be normal for the age of the individual. ADHD can be treated with either therapy or psychoactive drugs, or a combination of the two.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder have the characteristic which is the persistent pattern of hyper activity/ impulsivity and/or inattention. The patients with ADHD is difficult to staying focused on work tasks, according to the textbook. The textbook mentioned that the prevalence of ADHD is about 3-5% in school aged children, but it is hard to diagnose at that young-age children because in the development stage many children express hyperactivity or inattention. For treatment of ADHD, the most common way is medication which using the stimulant drug. Also, the behavior therapy is one of common ways to treat ADHD. I agree with that school-age children with ADHD should be treated with stimulants medication.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects school aged children with a high degree of inattention, excessive hyperactivity, impulsivity or a combination of any of these. In order for a child to be diagnosed with ADHD, there must be two different environments in which the child has displayed his or her symptoms and it must occur before the child is twelve years of age (Halter, 2014). Children have a high comorbidity level with developmental, learning and psychiatric problems. There are three types of ADHD; inattentive type, hyperactive-impulsive type and combination type. With inattentive type the child displays disorganization, is unable to complete tasks, becomes easily bored, and

ADHD is an abbreviation for attention deficit/hyper activity disorder. It is commonly referred to as a psychiatric disorder in need of therapy. The origination of the disease is in the neuro-physiological brain construct, and the main cause of the disorder is considered to be genetic (Wilson, 2012). Many children with ADHD struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention (Unnever, Cullen, & Pratt, 2003). According to McNamara, Vervaeke, and Willoughby (2008), “attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder among children and adolescents. It affects between 3% and 5% of school age children” (p. 38). In a

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic condition that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. ADHD includes a combination of persistent problems, such as difficulty sustaining attention, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior.