Basics And Characteristics Of The Internet Of Things

This paper gives a clear understanding on the current state of art on the IoT. The primary idea of the IoT concept is the pervasive existence around us of a wide range of things such as Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, actuators, sensors, mobile phones, etc. These are able to communicate with each other and collaborate with their neighbors to reach collective goals through distinctive addressing scheme.

As with many technology and IT related concepts and buzz words, the origin of the Internet of Things (IoT) is not entirely clear cut with the concept evolving over time. The original use of the term in fact, wasn’t precisely used for how we would interpret it now even though work was already being done in that

connecting to the Internet is TCP/IP stack (Haseeb, 2017). Many IoT solutions such as vehicle

Internet of Things (IoT) are devices that can collect and share data with no human interactions. IoT are machines that connect to other machines. Examples of IoT’s are fitness trackers that report to a smart phone, smart vacuum cleaners that are self- propelled, and Apps for your smart phone that can adjust lighting, temperature or security features at your house when you are away.

Privacy concerns over the Internet of Things has given way to a severe security issue that has drawn the attention of distinguished tech corporations and government agencies worldwide. The hacking of pace makers, smart refrigerators, baby monitors, connected thermostats, mobile device cameras and car radios are foreshadowing a security nightmare caused by the rapid spread of IoT. The large amount of new connected devices being introduced to the global internet and local will make way for malicious attackers with a ridiculous amount of choices and opportunities to perform their work, mainly because a large number of them have security vulnerabilities. The more essential shift in protection will come from the reality that IoT will definitely become ingrained in our lives. The issue will no longer be confined to the safety of sensitive data and property. Our health and even our lives can emerge as the target of an IoT attack. There are a large number of reasons for our current state of uncertainty in IoT. A lot of it has to do with large and small corporations being too money hungry, wherein each company is rapidly searching for the next big revolutionary connected device before competition does. Unfortunately, this way of thinking results in functionality becoming the main concern and the devices security is put on the back burner.

Internet of things is basically composed of two terms Network and Things (any object like devices, machines, computers), so basically it’s a concept where all objects are provided with unique identifiers (e.g. NFC, RFID) and are capable of transferring data over the network mostly without human interaction. It’s mostly d2d (device to device) or m2m (machine to machine) interaction e.g. RFID Tags, NFC Tags at bus stops, contactless cards, Oysters.

The Internet of Things is a complex, innovative system rooted in the idea of connectivity. Individual artifacts that transmit data and information amongst each other ensure a smooth and coherent experience based off their ability to communicate through internet connection, sharing the same network to create incomparable efficiency and convenience. The Internet of Things is constantly developing to work in new areas and scenarios, further securing its essentiality in the domain of the technological future

To stay connected from any time and any where to any one, any thing and all the things in between is the sole job of the internet of things (IoT). The internet plays an important role in the modern lifestyle of almost all people around the world. From daily routine home chores to industrial means, everything is dependent on the internet either directly or indirectly in order to have network connectivity to each other. The Internet of things came to define several technologies that enable the use of wireless networks and smart sensors to communicate. The Internet of things allows things to be sensed and controlled remotely in wireless network infrastructure (Watts, & Porter, 1997).

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term used to describe the growing number of smart and connected products. It consists of physical things such as sensors which have the ability to collect and share data. Predictions suggest that over 30 billion smart and connected devices will be in use in the year 2020.

The term, Internet of Things (Internet of Everything), refers to interconnection of everything via the Internet. To illustrate the “Things”, the Internet will not only interconnect computers, and web pages, but also anything physical in the world such as goods, objects, machines, buildings, vehicles, plants, animals, people, and so forth. [1]

An Internet of Things (IoT) system connects the physical world into Internet via radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, sensors, and mobile devices. IoT is an intelligent collaboration of tiny sensors and devices giving new challenges to the end to end communication of things.

The Internet of Things (IOT) states to exclusively recognizable substances and their practical images in an Internet-like construction. The term internet of things was projected by Kevin Ashton in 1999. It was first widespread at MIT and correlated marketplace analysis publications. During initial days, one of the prerequisite for internet of things was considered as Radio frequency identification (RFID). The concept Internet of things mainly explains that internet now is not only used for the purpose of communicating with people but also the required devices can electronically interconnect with each other around the world. Now as an outcome to all of these people can share the data with each other and also reuse them if required and used for

The Internet of Things is a growing network of everyday objects – from industrial machines to consumer goods – that can share information and complete tasks while you are busy with other activities, like work, sleep or exercise, as SAS states in their insights to define IoT. There is no agreed upon definition of IoT, rather it is so simply defined that any laymen can comprehend it. Internet of Things Global Standards Initiative defines -Internet of Things (IoT) as the network of physical objects or things embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.

On December 6, 1967, the Department of Defense awarded a contract with the purpose of the “design and specification of a computer network”. Four months later, the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPANET) was created. By October 15, 1969, computers at the University of California-Los Angeles and Stanford were connected and communicating (Internet History from ARAPNET to Broadband, 2007) . Thus was the birth of the internet. Now, the internet is an indispensable tool that provides us with an active connection to everyone and nearly everything. However, we’ve evolved the internet and moved forward to the “internet of things” (IoT). The IoT is connecting man to machine, machine to machine, and machine to man all through “smart” devices,

The concept of the internet of things abbreviated as IoT was introduced as early as the late 90’s by Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto-ID Labs and a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now, “the Internet of things is already a disruptive technology capable of determining fundamental changes that are happening in everyday life, and it is considered the fourth industrial revolution.” (Hucanu) The Internet of Things (IoT)